Sustainable development of rural areas, Russian issues

In the paper, the issues of provision the sustainable functioning of the ecosystems (natural-engineering systems) of the catchment area of small rivers were considered. It was distinguished, that one of the most widespread kinds of impact is land-destructive load, associated with direct expropriation and transformation of lands, occupied by natural ecosystems. The authors present the criteria for regulation of the land-destructive load, based on the assessment of the diversity of natural and anthropogenic-modified ecosystems in the catchment area of a small river. It was found, that a part of anthropogenic-modified ecosystems should not exceed 35–40 % of the total catchment area (for the middle and southern taiga zone).

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Regulation of land-destructive load on water catchment areas of small rivers

Romanov

Switala

2022

“…This indicator is above the standard (not more than 1.5 mg/dm3) only in the Kema (2.127 mg/dm3) and Komela (2.133 mg/dm3) rivers. The fluorine content in water can be determined by the structure of the soil and its consistency, geological, physical and chemical indicators of the area [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and chemical assessment of the status of water bodies in the Vologda region

Hamitova

Popova²,

Fedchenko

et al. 2022

Pollution of water bodies as a result of natural and anthropogenic activities presents a global problem. The article analyzes the ecological and chemical state and balance in terms of biogenic macro- and microelements of water bodies of non-centralized water supply in the northwestern part of the Vologda region. The study examines the water in 7 rivers, 5 lakes and 4 springs of the Districts of Vologda, Vytegra, Belozersk, Vashki and Kirillov. Based on the composition analysis of the samples taken, the research shows that the water used does not meet the regulatory requirements in terms of turbidity, color, fluoride ion, total iron, chemical oxygen demand (COD). According to microbiological indications the water from the studied sources does not meet the sanitary and hygienic standards in terms of the total coliform bacteria and the total microbial count (TMC) in rivers and lakes. The most polluted rivers for all the indicators considered are the Komela and Kema. The evaluation of the samples according to the physiological usefulness and balance of the chemical composition reveals that water is mainly assessed as well-balanced in terms of biogenic macro- and microelements content being chloride-hydrocarbonate calcium and magnesium-calcium.

“…As a result, most of the insecticide molecules interact with the target, providing a higher toxic effect [3]. The noted technique is widely used to destroy resistant pest populations, since it can significantly increase the effectiveness of insecticides at a lower drug consumption rate [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. In addition, pest resistance to synergists usually does not develop, since they are not directly active substances and their presence in the body is not critical for the insect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sesame oil as an effective, environmentally friendly synergist for insecticidal compositions based on neonicotinoids, pyrethroids and organophosphorus compounds

Mukovoz

Dankovtseva

2022

To prevent the resistance of insect pests to insecticides, various methods are used - the rotation of the drugs used, the joint application of drugs from different chemical groups, the use of the fumigation method of biologically active compounds, as well as the inclusion of synergistic substances in insecticidal compositions that enhance the biological activity of the main active substance. The use of synergistic substances can significantly increase the effectiveness of insecticides at a lower consumption rate of the drug. The aim of the work was to develop effective insecticidal pyrotechnic compositions, including environmentally friendly synergistic substances based on sesame oil. As a result, effective insecticidal compositions were developed based on neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, organophosphorus compounds and sesame oil, which provides a significant synergistic effect of active substances on insect pests of agricultural crops - greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum). It was shown that during the treatment by spraying, the composition containing 24% of sesame oil, as well as 86% of neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, and organophosphorus compounds had the greatest insecticidal effect (27% death of insects). When carrying out the treatment by fumigation, the compositions containing 23–24% of sesame oil, as well as 87–86% of these insecticides, had the greatest insecticidal effect (more than 90% of insect death). It is shown that the developed compositions can be used both by spraying agricultural plants and by fumigation, by burning a pyrotechnic composition mixed with a composite base. Fumigation has been found to be the most effective method of delivering insecticidal compositions to pests of agricultural plants.