Sustainable Lignin-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon for Supercapacitors: A Novel Approach for Holding Electrochemical Attraction Natural Texture Property of Precursor

Abstract

Finding low-cost and environmentally friendly precursors that can maintain their electrochemical attraction natural texture properties while obtaining hierarchical porous carbons with high electrochemical performance is desirable for offering a leap forward in industrial applications. However, phenomena associated with the high microporosity of porous carbon remain. Herein, the protective effect of hydrothermal methods and the microporeforming ability of KOH were used. The as-synthesized porous carbon (PC-1) holds the natural texture property (the retention of texture property with apertures higher than 2 nm was up to 80%) and achieves three-dimensional (3D) architecture with hierarchical structures accompanied by an ultrahigh specific surface area (3559.45 m 2 /g). Benefiting from its texture properties, PC-1 possesses a high specific capacitance of 288.75 F/g at 0.5 A/g, excellent rate capability as high as 223.72 F/g at 10 A/g, and remarkable conductivity in a three-electrode system with a 6 M KOH electrolyte. In view of its environment friendliness, low cost, and excellent specific capacitance, PC-1 has promising applications in high-performance supercapacitors.

Dual‐template synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon and its application in electrical double‐layer capacitors

“…As for the HPCs electrode, a high microporous surface area could provide large quantities of ion adsorption sites, while the mesoporous structure could facilitate the electrolyte ions' transfer during the energy storage process. [ 5 ]…”

Lignin for energy applications – state of the art, life cycle, technoeconomic analysis and future trends

“…5a). 188,189 Guo et al hydrothermally carbonized enzymatic hydrolysis lignin at 180 °C in 5% wt H 2 SO 4 for 18 hours before activating the resultant carbon product with KOH at different ratios (800 °C, 3 h, N 2 ). 189 They achieved a specific capacitance of 420 F g −1 in 6 M KOH (0.1 A g −1 , 1 V window) and 218 F g −1 in neat EMIM TFSI (1 A g −1 , 2.5 V window).…”

Carbon Nanomaterials Made from Supramolecular Hybridization of Cucurbit[6]uril with Phosphomolybdic Acid for Supercapacitors

“…They also exhibit theoretical possibilities of unlimited lifespan and fast charging with energy storage mechanisms involving surface ion adsorption/desorption. 7,8 However, the limited specific surface area (SSA) does not allow sufficient reactions at the electrode/ electrolyte interface, leading to low energy storage abilities and poor specific capacitance (C sp ). 9 The recent development of carbon-based supercapacitors has focused on improving SSA by optimizing the pore size and distribution in multiscale structures of electrode materials.…”

“…They possess broad resources, strong mechanical toughness, excellent electrical conductivity, and unique porous structures. They also exhibit theoretical possibilities of unlimited lifespan and fast charging with energy storage mechanisms involving surface ion adsorption/desorption. , However, the limited specific surface area (SSA) does not allow sufficient reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, leading to low energy storage abilities and poor specific capacitance ( C sp ) . The recent development of carbon-based supercapacitors has focused on improving SSA by optimizing the pore size and distribution in multiscale structures of electrode materials. , The pioneering investigations indicated the energy density of carbon materials could be improved by introducing pseudocapacitance with surface redox reactions of doped heteroatoms (O, N, B, P, etc). − …”