Sustainable management of freshwater swamp forest as an ecotourism destination in Indonesia: a system dynamics modeling

Abstract

As a freshwater swamp forest that still remains in Java, the existence of Rawa Danau as an ecotourism destination is important to be explored, because its utilization is not yet based on sustainable management principles. For this reason, a system dynamics modeling was then made that integrates various factors in the biophysical, social, and economic dimensions to obtain the best alternative for managing the future ecotourism destinations. Management alternatives are designed in three scenarios: deep ecotourism oriented to very strong/strong sustainability; shallow ecotourism oriented to weak sustainability; and mass tourism oriented to very weak sustainability. The results showed that deep ecotourism was the most suitable scenario to be implemented. Through this scenario, the control of several parameters that were successfully carried out during the 10 years of the simulation are as follows: 1) restrain the growth rate of tourist numbers so as not to burden the environment; 2) reforesting almost all forest land converted so that the restoration of forest functions goes well; 3) increase local community income so that the community gets adequate economic benefits; 4) increase environmental investment so that stakeholders benefit economically, ecologically, and socially in an integrated manner; 5) maintaining biodiversity at a high level; 6) maintain swamp water reserves at a very good level; 7) reduce the volume of solid waste so that it does not burden the environment.

Community-Based Empowerment: Semi-Systematic Literature Review (SSLR)

“…Group Discussion (FGD) (Laurens & Putra, 2020), Geographic Information System -ATLAS.ti-MACTOR (Mafruhah et al, 2020), descriptive (Erbaugh, 2019), Loqation Quotion -SWOT -Trend -Analysis of Community Economic Empowerment in the agricultural subsector (Cahyono et al, 2018). The case studies studied were in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Rachmawatie et al, 2020), Rawa Danau-Banten (Sjaifuddin, 2020), Indonesia (Dahliah et al, 2020;Erbaugh, 2019)Ponggok Village-Central Java Province (Purnomo et al, 2020), Central Java (Anwar et al, 2019Mafruhah et al, 2020), North Morowali Regency-Central Sulawesi Province (Laurens & Putra, 2020), Lumajang district (Cahyono et al, 2018), Banjarbaru-South Kalimantan (Nuzuli et al, 2015), Malaysia and Indonesia (Zainudin & Kamarudin, 2015).…”

Clean water in the slums of East Africa

“…We need to look after our water resources like we look afterlife because life without water is impossible. Today, more and more scientists, researchers, and philosophers are asking questions (Giled, 2009;Monni, Iorio & Realini, 2018;Muniz et al, 2018;Moumen et al, 2019;Sjaifuddin, 2020;Shevyakova & Petrenko, 2021). How much is freshwater underground?…”

Sustainability Ecotourism Complexity in Batu-Indonesia: CBE Implementation based on Tourists' Evaluation

“…Generally, there are several researches regarding the sustainability of ecotourism in Indonesia (Wibowo et al, 2021). Therefore, previous researchers have partially completed several policies about CBE and its principles in Indonesia, specifically about the theme of coastal biodiversity conservation and environmental awareness (Abidin et al, 2021), site suitability evaluation for ecotourism development (Yuwono et al, 2021), comparative and competitives advantages (Wardana et al, 2021), sustainable management (Sjaifuddin, 2020), and status and ecotourism potential (Djunaidi et al, 2020). Meanwhile, reviews about the implementation of CBE principles have been conducted in Clungup Mangrove Conservation (Husamah & Hudha, 2018), Gili Labak (Rahardjanto et al, 2019), mangrove ecotourism at Muara Kubu Mangrove Areas (Nugroho et al, 2019), and mangrove ecosystem of southern (Abidin et al, 2021).…”