Sustainable multifunctional phenolic lipids as potential therapeutics in Dentistry

Abstract

Phenolic lipids components of the cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) have molecular structures capable of chemical signalling that regulate gene expression, metabolism and inflammation. This study sets out to assess how CNSL derivatives impact oral bacteria, from an antibacterial and anti-collagenolytic perspective, as well as its biocompatibility with dental pulp stem cells. Two hemi-synthetic saturated CNSL derivative compounds were selected (LDT11-Anacardic Acids-derivative and LDT409-cardanol-derivative). Bacteriostatic activity was tested against Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella parvula. Antimicrobial capacity against preformed S. mutans biofilms was investigated using a collagen-coated Calgary Biofilm Device and confocal microscopy. Clostridium histolyticum, P. gingivalis and S. mutans biofilms were used to assess anti-collagenolytic activity. Biocompatibility with human dental pulp stromal cells (HDPSCs) was investigated (MTT for viability proportion, LDH assays for cell death rate). LDTs inhibited the bacterial growth, as well as partially inhibited bacterial collagenases in concentrations higher than 5 μg/mL. Dose–response rates of biofilm cell death was observed (LDT11 at 20, 50, 100 μg/mL = 1.0 ± 0.4, 0.7 ± 0.3, 0.6 ± 0.03, respectively). Maximum cytotoxicity was 30%. After 1 week, LDT409 had no HDPSCs death. HDPSCs viability was decreased after 24 h of treatment with LDT11 and LDT409, but recovered at 72 h and showed a massive increase in viability and proliferation after 1 week. LDTs treatment was associated with odontoblast-like morphology. In conclusion, LDT11 multifunctionality and biocompatibility, stimulating dental pulp stem cells proliferation and differentiation, indicates a potential as a bio-based dental material for regenerative Dentistry. Its potential as a bacterial collagenases inhibitor to reduce collagen degradation in root/dentinal caries can be further explored.

The action of microbial collagenases in dentinal matrix degradation in root caries and potential strategies for its management: a comprehensive state-of-the-art review

“…For instance, a hemi-synthetic anacardic acid compound derived from cashew nut shell liquid was capable of inhibiting about 90% of the P. gingivalis collagenase activity in vitro, probably due to its selective chelation of Fe 2+ . 77 Another adjunctive treatment option to prevent collagen breakdown involves the biomodification of dental root surface. Dentin biomodification strategy is based on the formation of inter-and intramolecular cross-links, which result in stabilization of the collagen constituting dentin organic matrix.…”

“…For instance, a hemi-synthetic anacardic acid compound derived from cashew nut shell liquid was capable of inhibiting about 90% of the P. gingivalis collagenase activity in vitro , probably due to its selective chelation of Fe 2 . 77 …”