Sustainable Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Marine Algae for Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

Abstract

Herein, Sargassum coreanum (marine algae)-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized by a simple reduction method. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis. The acquired colloidal AgNPs were strongly absorbed around 420 nm and displayed brown color under visible light. The XRD pattern of AgNPs exposed their face-centered cubic geometry along with crystalline nature. The HRTEM images of synthesized AgNPs confirmed the mean particle size of 19 nm with a distorted spherical shape, and the calculated interlayer distance (d-spacing value) was about 0.24 nm. Further, the catalytic degradation of methylene blue using sodium borohydride and AgNPs was monitored using UV–vis spectroscopy. The result revealed that AgNPs performed as a superior catalyst, which completely degraded MB in 20 min. The rate constant for MB degradation was calculated to be 0.106 min−1, demonstrating that the marine algae-mediated AgNPs had outstanding catalytic activity. This approach is easy and environmentally benign, which can be applied for environmental-based applications such as dye degradation and pollutant detoxification.

Kaolin-Supported Silver Nanoparticles as an Effective Catalyst for the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions

“…04-0783). Similar studies were reported. ,,, The typical XRD peaks of Ag crystal revealed that the crystallized Ag-NPs could be successfully immobilized onto the kaolin surface. , Furthermore, the intensity ratio of (111) and (200) diffraction peaks is much higher than the typical values, indicating that Ag-NPs are oriented in the (111) plane . Thus, the XRD pattern of the Ag-NPs/kaolin composite reveals that the Ag-NPs have an fcc geometry and are oriented in the (111) plane on the kaolin surface.…”

“…Similar studies were reported. 22 , 23 , 40 , 73 The typical XRD peaks of Ag crystal revealed that the crystallized Ag-NPs could be successfully immobilized onto the kaolin surface. 22 , 73 Furthermore, the intensity ratio of (111) and (200) diffraction peaks is much higher than the typical values, indicating that Ag-NPs are oriented in the (111) plane.…”

“…Previously, the application of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) as a catalyst for water purification, such as efficient catalytic removal of organic dyes, has been widely reported due to its fascinating characteristics and substantial catalytic potential. − When pure nanoparticles are used alone, the easy aggregation between nanoparticles will impede their catalytic activity and practical application. − Several studies reported that aggregation of nanoparticles could be prevented by growing nanoparticles on support materials. ,− ,, However, most of the support/carrier materials are expensive, and the synthesis processes are complex and time-consuming. One of the most efficient agglomeration solutions with the least cost is synthesizing nanoparticles based on clay compounds as the support material.…”

Production, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Effects of Silver Nanoparticles from Brown Alga (Cystoseira myrica)

“…Furthermore, these organisms exhibit significant quantities of secondary metabolites with pharmacological interest, such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and alkaloids, which have been associated with interesting biological activities, such as anticancer and neuroprotective properties [5,7]. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles has been reported by many authors using the extract of algae such as gold nanoparticles [8][9][10][11][12] and silver nanoparticles [13][14][15].…”

“…Several physicochemical approaches may be used to create AgNPs; they are both costly and possibly hazardous to the environment. e chemical procedures use harmful compounds as reducing agents, liquid hydrocarbons, and nonbiodegradable stabilizing agents, posing a risk to the environment and biodiversity [13].…”