“…Therefore, it is highly desirable to recover expensive ligands and complexes via the immobilization of various complexes on suitable support surfaces. several solid materials, such as active carbon, [5] hydrotalcites, [6,7] mesoporous silica, [8] zeolites, [9] metal oxides, [10] graphene, [11] and hydroxyapatite [12] have been developed and used as supports, most of which aren't economical, non-toxic, widely available, and easy to manufacture. Metal oxides have been proven to be versatile supports for constructing Pd catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions.…”