SV40 and human brain tumors

Carbone, Michele; Bocchetta, Maurizio; Cristaudo, Alfonso; Emri, Salïh; Gazdar, Adi F.; Jasani, Bharat; Lednicky, John A.; Miele, Lucio; Mutti, Luciano; Pass, Harvey I.; Ramael, Marc; Rizzo, Paola; Testa, Joseph R.; Weggen, Sascha; Yeung, Anthony T.

doi:10.1002/ijc.11189

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The natural host of SV40 is the rhesus macaque, and its horizontal transmission among humans as well as its causative role in human disease has come under question (Butel et al 1997; Jasani et al 2001; Klein et al 2002; Gazdar et al 2002; Carbone et al 2003; Garcea 2001; Garcea and Imperiale 2003; Ahsan and Shah 2006; and Pipas 2009). The seroprevalence of SV40 is estimated to range from 1.3% to 5% in groups of all ages (Knowles et al 2003).…”

Section: Detection Of Polyomaviruses In Primary Cns Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Viral Infection and Primary Central Nervous System Malignancy

Saddawi‐Konefka

Crawford

2010

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

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Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors cause significant morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. While some of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of neuro-oncogenesis are known, much less is known about possible epigenetic contributions to disease pathophysiology. Over the last several decades, chronic viral infections have been associated with a number of human malignancies. In primary CNS malignancies, two families of viruses, namely polyomavirus and herpesvirus, have been detected with varied frequencies in a number of pediatric and adult histological tumor subtypes. However, establishing a link between chronic viral infection and primary CNS malignancy has been an area of considerable controversy, due in part to variations in detection frequencies and methodologies used among researchers. Since a latent viral neurotropism can be seen with a variety of viruses and a widespread seropositivity exists among the population, it has been difficult to establish an association between viral infection and CNS malignancy based on epidemiology alone. While direct evidence of a role of viruses in neuro-oncogenesis in humans is lacking, a more plausible hypothesis of neuro-oncomodulation has been proposed. The overall goals of this review are to summarize the many human investigations that have studied viral infection in primary CNS tumors, discuss potential neuro-oncomodulatory mechanisms of viral-associated CNS disease and propose future research directions to establish a more firm association between chronic viral infections and primary CNS malignancies.

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Section: Detection Of Polyomaviruses In Primary Cns Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Viral Infection and Primary Central Nervous System Malignancy

Saddawi‐Konefka

Crawford

2010

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

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“…[5][6][7][8] PV DNA has been detected by PCR or antibody staining in a variety of tumors. [9][10][11][12] In general, PV T-antigen is only seen in a percentage of such tumor cells, not in all cells, suggesting a potentially unknown mechanism of transformation. At this time, epidemiological evidence may be weak in linking PV infection to cancer.…”

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confidence: 96%

Polyoma virus infection is a prominent risk factor for bladder carcinoma in immunocompetent individuals

et al. 2006

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Despite various reports of BK viral (BKV) DNA sequences or proteins in tumors of the urogenital tract, there has been no study statistically linking infection by this polyoma virus (PV) to tumor development. All PV are potential transforming viruses, the large T-antigen of which interacts with tumor suppressor proteins. Here, we have performed a cross-sectional study of 3,782 patients having had urine cytologic analyses, comparing those diagnosed with PV infection with those not so diagnosed. In order to focus on immunocompetent individuals, renal transplant patients, for whom a diagnosis of PV infection followed immunosuppressive therapy, were excluded. Among the 133 immunocompetent patients diagnosed with PV infection, the most frequently occurring neoplasms were bladder carcinoma (15.8%) and prostate carcinoma (3.8%). The incidence of bladder carcinoma was sufficient to statistically establish temporality in a two-sided test, linking a prior diagnosis of PV infection to a subsequent diagnosis of bladder carcinoma (odds ratio = 3.419, P < 0.001).

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“…EBVassociated gastric cancers show elevated levels of tumor suppressor gene promoter hypermethylation as well as CpG island methylator phenotypeassociated (CIMP) methylation patterns [79]. SV40 viral sequences are detectable in malignant mesotheliomas, brain tumors, and several types of lymphoid malignancies with relatively high frequency [80,81].…”

Section: Promoter Hypermethylation and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Methylation in Health, Disease, and Cancer

Shames

Minna

Gazdar³

2007

CMM

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178

115

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The spatial arrangement and three-dimensional structure of DNA in the nucleus is controlled through the interdigitation of DNA binding proteins such as histones and their modifiers, the Polycomb-Trithorax proteins, and the DNA methyltransferase enzymes. DNA methylation forms the foundation of chromatin and is crucial to epigenetic gene regulation in mammals. Disease pathogenesis mediated through infectious agents, inflammation, aging, or genetic damage often involves changes in gene expression. In particular, cellular transformation coincides with multiple changes in chromatin architecture, many of which appear to affect genome integrity and gene expression. Infectious agents, such as viruses directly affect genome structure and induce methylation of particular sequences to suppress host immune responses. Hyperproliferative tissues such as those in the gastrointestinal tract and colon have been shown to gradually acquire aberrant promoter hypermethylation. Here we review recent findings on altered DNA methylation in human disease, with particular focus on cancer and the increasingly large number of genes subject to tumor-specific promoter hypermethylation and the possible role of aberrant methylation in tumor development.

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SV40 and human brain tumors

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Chronic Viral Infection and Primary Central Nervous System Malignancy

Chronic Viral Infection and Primary Central Nervous System Malignancy

Polyoma virus infection is a prominent risk factor for bladder carcinoma in immunocompetent individuals

DNA Methylation in Health, Disease, and Cancer

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