“…Etiologic correlates associated with decreased lingual strength include cerebrovascular accident (CVA; Hori, Ono, Iwata, Nokubi, & Kumakura, 2005;Konaka et al, 2010), muscular dystrophy (HamanakaKondoh et al, 2014;Palmer, Neel, Sprouls, & Morrison, 2010), Parkinson's disease (Unemoto, Tsuboi, Kitashima, Furuya, & Kikuta, 2011), and oropharyngeal cancer (Lazarus, 2006;Lazarus et al, 2000). Although individuals in these diagnostic categories are potential candidates for lingual strength training, their outcomes are likely variable given factors related to the underlying nature of their diagnoses (e.g., remitting, progressive) and any concomitant interventions needed for disease treatment (e.g., radiation therapy).…”