Swallowing reflex elicited by water and taste solutions in humans

Shingai, Tomio; Miyaoka, Yozo; Ikarashi, Ryo; Shimada, Kyuhachiro

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1989.256.4.r822

Cited by 37 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…In addition, in the laryngeal regions, water stimulation is effective in eliciting the swallow reflex. [13][14][15] In experimental animals, electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerves innervating the pharynx and larynx is also used to elicit the swallow reflex. In particular, repetitive electrical stimulation of the SLN can elicit the reflex "like magic."…”

Section: Neural Mechanisms and Effective Sen-sory Inputs For Swallow mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Mechanisms of Swallowing and Effects of Taste and Other Stimuli on Swallow Initiation

Yamamura

Kitagawa

Kurose

et al. 2010

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Section: Neural Mechanisms and Effective Sen-sory Inputs For Swallow mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Mechanisms of Swallowing and Effects of Taste and Other Stimuli on Swallow Initiation

Yamamura

Kitagawa

Kurose

et al. 2010

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…It has been generally accepted that water is a physiological stimulus (25)(26)(27). Therefore, the results suggest that NO is involved in reflex swallowing from the pharynx under physiological conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Nitric oxide modulates elicitation of reflex swallowing from the pharynx in rats

Kijima¹

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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. Nitric oxide modulates elicitation of reflex swallowing from the pharynx in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 291: R651-R656, 2006. First published April 6, 2006 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00646.2005.-The pharynx is very important for elicitation of reflex swallowing. The region of the pharynx is innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (GPNph). Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in various physiological functions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of NO to reflex swallowing evoked by electrical stimulation of the GPN-ph. Swallowing was evoked in urethane-anesthetized rats by application of repetitive electrical stimulation (10-to 20-A amplitude, 10-to 20-Hz frequency, 1.0-ms duration) to the central cut end of the GPN-ph or superior laryngeal nerve. Swallowing was identified by electromyographic activity of the mylohyoid muscle. Latency to the first swallow and the interval between swallows were measured. Intravenous administration of N G -nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 0.6 mg/ kg), a nonselective inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS), extremely prolonged latency to the first swallow and the interval between swallows evoked by the GPN-ph. Intraperitoneal administration of 7-nitroindazole (5.0 mg/kg), a selective inhibitor of neuronal NOS, significantly prolonged latency to the first swallow and the interval between swallows evoked by the GPN-ph. Administration of L-arginine (an NO donor, 500 mg/kg) and sodium nitroprusside (an NO releaser, 0.6 mg/kg) restored the suppression of swallowing induced by the NOS inhibitor. Superior laryngeal nerve-evoked swallowing was suppressed by administration of a higher dose of L-NNA (6.0 mg/kg). Swallowing evoked by water stimulation of the pharynx was also suppressed by L-NNA (0.6 mg/kg). These results suggest that NO plays an important role in signal processing for initiation of reflex swallowing from the pharynx. nitric oxide synthase; pharyngeal branch; glossopharyngeal nerve; superior laryngeal nerve; L-arginine THE PHARYNX IS VERY IMPORTANT for elicitation of reflex swallowing. The regions of the pharynx involved in initiation of reflex swallowing have been analyzed in many studies (5-7, 15, 17, 21, 24 -28). One study showed that, in the cat, the posterior pillars are the most reflexogenic to mechanical stimulation, and the posterior pharyngeal wall is slightly less sensitive (27). Recently, Kitagawa et al. (17) examined the receptive regions for swallowing in the rat and reported that the palatopharyngeal arches, the posterior pharyngeal wall, the edge of the soft palate, the epiglottis, and the aryepiglottic fold are the most sensitive areas for reflex swallowing. On the basis of a study by Pommerenke (24), the receptive regions for swallowing in humans are considered to be essentially similar to those in animals.The effective regions for elicitation of reflex swallowing are innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (GPN) and the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) (6,14,20,21,26,28,30). The SLN has been well known as ...

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“…Kajii et al (19) reported that sour taste stimulation of the pharynx and larynx facilitated reflex swallowing in rats. Some previous studies have also described that application of water to the pharynx and larynx evokes reflex swallowing in rats (19), rabbits (6) and humans (20). The spatiotemporal summation of primary afferent signals from the GPN-ph and SLN may be the mechanism underlying the enhancement of reflex swallowing by natural stimulation of the pharynx and larynx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The speed of food bolus movement to the oropharynx and larynx differs depending on the type of food (solid food or liquid). Chemical or mechanical stimulation of the pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosa is thought to be involved in evoking reflex swallowing (6,11,(14)(15)(16)(17)19,20), suggesting that inter-activation of afferent signals from the pharynx and larynx plays a crucial role. However, it is still unknown how these afferent inputs from the oropharynx and larynx interact and how they are involved in evoking reflex swallowing.…”

Section: Originalmentioning

confidence: 99%