Swan thyroid glands and river algae as indicators of iodine-125 and iodine-131 in the river trent and its tributaries

Howe, John; Hunt, Alan E.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(84)90012-3

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Studies on uranium accumulation by aquatic bryophytes (Whitehead & Brooks 1969;Shacklette & Erdman 1982) led the latter authors to conclude that analyses of mosses at springs may give a more reliable indication of uranium occurrence than analyses of the waters. Accumulation of '^'I and '"I by Cladophora has not only proved to be a useful means of monitoring these elements originating from hospitals and research laboratories, but is apparently also the origin of the high concentrations in the thyroid glands of mute swans, whose diet includes the alga (Howe & Hunt 1984;Howe & Lloyd 1986).…”

Section: Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of algae and other plants for monitoring rivers

Whitton

Kelly

1995

Australian Journal of Ecology

156

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A brief account is given of the methods developed for use of algae, bryophytes and angiosperms to monitor rivers and streams. The methods fall broadly into those based on features of populations of representative species, those based on part or all of the whole photosynthetic community and those based on various types of bioassay and ecotoxicological test. The methodology for using bioaccumulation of heavy metals, insecticides and other organic molecules is well developed and has been applied widely in western Europe for practical purposes. Coarse filamentous algae and bryophytes are especially useful, but some angiosperms are suitable, provided general information about bioaccumulation in the particular species is available; it is difficult to use periphyton. Other methods based on species include measurement of genetic tolerance, physiological approaches (chlorophyll: phaeophytin ratio, tissue N:P ratio and surface phosphatase assays) and observations on cyanobacterial and eukaryotic algal morphology.Among community-based methods for monitoring, measurement of biomass is used widely for phytoplankton, but seems of little use for benthos. The use of indices based on benthic communities, especially diatoms, has, however, been applied widely. The earlier indices based on diversity have been replaced almost entirely by ones integrating ecological information from component species. In addition, the authors have started to produce a diatom-based parallel to the macroinvertebrate-based RIVPACS by obtaining floristic data from 'clean' sites. Bioassays and ecological tests, mainly using algae or Lemna, are often carried out together with the other methods.

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Section: Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of algae and other plants for monitoring rivers

Whitton

Kelly

1995

Australian Journal of Ecology

156

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“…The results of several investigations indicate greater than 75% of 131 I entering WPCPs leaves in the effluent (Barci-Funel et al, 1993;Dalmasso et al, 1997;Erlandsson et al, 1989Erlandsson et al, , 1983Erlandsson and Mattsson, 1978;Martin and Fenner, 1997;Prichard et al, 1981;Puhakainen, 1998;Stetar et al, 1993). It is not surprising then that medically-derived 131 I is readily measurable in the environment (Fischer et al, 2009;Howe and Hunt, 1984;Howe and Lloyd, 1986;Marsh et al, 1988;Puhakainen, 1998;Rose, 2003;Smith et al, 2008;Sodd et al, 1975;Waller and Cole, 1999). While the occurrence and concentrations of 131 I in sewage effluent have been poorly characterized, these studies suggest discharges of the radioisotope may be widespread and therefore useful as a tracer in receiving waters to study biogeochemical processes occurring on the time scale of approximately one month.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Medically-derived 131 I in municipal sewage effluent

2012

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“…The results of several investigations indicate that most of the 131 I entering WPCPs is discharged in the effluent (Erlandsson and Mattsson 1978;Prichard et al 1981;Erlandsson et al 1983Erlandsson et al , 1989Barci-Funel et al 1993;Stetar et al 1993;Dalmasso et al 1997;Martin and Fenner 1997;Puhakainen 1998). It is not surprising then that medically derived 131 I has been measured in surface waters, macroalgae, and sediments (Sodd et al 1975;Howe and Hunt 1984;Howe and Lloyd 1986;Marsh et al 1988;Giovani et al 1997;Puhakainen 1998;Waller and Cole 1999;Punt et al 2007;Smith et al 2008;Fischer et al 2009;Kleinschmidt 2009;Morita et al 2010;Carolan et al 2011;Rose 2011). Iodine-131 was also measured in the atmosphere near municipal sewage sludge incinerators (Kitto et al 2005a(Kitto et al , 2005b(Kitto et al , 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Iodine-131 in Sewage Sludge from a Small Water Pollution Control Plant Serving a Thyroid Cancer Treatment Facility

Rose

Swanson²

2013

Health Physics

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Iodine-131 (half-life = 8.04 d) is the most widely used radionuclide in medicine for therapeutic purposes. It is excreted by patients and is discharged directly to sewer systems. Despite considerable dilution in waste water and the relatively short half-life of I, it is readily measured in sewage. This work presents I concentrations in sewage sludge from three water pollution control plants (WPCPs) on Long Island, NY. Iodine-131 concentrations ranged from 0.027 ± 0.002 to 148 ± 4 Bq g dry weight. The highest concentrations were measured in the Stony Brook WPCP, a relatively small plant (average flow = 6.8 × 10 L d) serving a regional thyroid cancer treatment facility in Stony Brook, NY. Preliminary radiation dose calculations suggested further evaluation of dose to treatment plant workers in the Stony Brook WPCP based on the recommendations of the Interagency Steering Committee on Radiation Standards.

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Swan thyroid glands and river algae as indicators of iodine-125 and iodine-131 in the river trent and its tributaries

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Use of algae and other plants for monitoring rivers

Use of algae and other plants for monitoring rivers

Medically-derived 131 I in municipal sewage effluent

Iodine-131 in Sewage Sludge from a Small Water Pollution Control Plant Serving a Thyroid Cancer Treatment Facility

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