Swelling Behavior of Carboxymethylcellulose Hydrogels in Relation to Cross-Linking, pH, and Charge Density

Abstract

Hydrogels of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with 2.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% cross-linking were prepared. Cross-linking and stoichiometry was controlled by appropriate addition of CMPJ and determined by potentiometric titration. The cross-linked polymer was then sulfated using a sulfur trioxidepyridine complex (SO 3-Py) in a heterogeneous mixture. Water uptake of the gels was studied in relation to cross-linking, pH, and sulfation. FT-IR spectra of the gels were recorded at different pHs to evidence the hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds formation between the chains may explain the correlation found between water uptake properties and the chemical composition of the gels.

Enhanced Absorbent Products Incorporating Cellulose and Its Derivatives: A Review

“…Somewhat contrary results were reported by Barbucci et al (2000). Although these authors observed a monotonic decrease in swelling with increase in crosslinking up to a 50% level, they observed a higher swelling at "100% crosslinking".…”

“…As one might expect based on environmental concerns, many researchers have investigated the preparation of "all-natural-based" hydrogels incorporating cellulose or its derivatives (Harsh and Gehrke 1991;Barbucci et al 2000;Bin et al 2000;Fei et al 2000;Wach et al 2001Wach et al , 2002Hirsh and Spontak 2002;Liu et al 2002Liu et al , 2005aRodriguez et al 2003;Sannino et al 2003Sannino et al , 2004aSannino and Nicolais 2005;Yoshimura et al 2006;Demitri et al 2008;Faroongwang and Sukonrat 2008;Pourjavadi et al 2008Pourjavadi et al , 2010Chang et al 2009Chang et al , 2010Dai and Kadla 2009;El Salmawi and Ibrahim 2011;Salam et al 2011a,b;Wang et al 2011b;Kono and Fujita 2012;Pan and Ragauskas 2012;. For instance, a hydrogel based on a combination of cellulose and CMC can be prepared from a solution of the ingredients in a NaOH/urea solvent system .…”

“…Hydrogels that contain carboxylic groups generally exhibit increasing absorbency with increasing pH, especially within the pH range of about 3 to 7; the following examples are from studies involving cellulose-based materials in SAPs (Barbucci et al 2000;Harsh and Gehrke 1991;Sannino and Nicolais 2005;Pourjavadi et al 2008;Anirudhan et al 2011;Bao et al 2011;Wang et al 2011a). The effect has been attributed to dissociation of the groups to the carboxylate form (Barbucci et al 2000).…”

Radiation Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Sago Pulp Discs for Sustained Drug Delivery: Ciprofloxacin Uptake and Physicochemical Characterization

“…The bands at 1417 and 1319 cm −1 are for CH 2 scissors and OH bending vibration, respectively. The broad bands from 1000 to 1200 cm −1 were due to sugar ring absorption (Barbucci et al, 2000;Charpentier-Valenza et al, 2005). In the spectrum of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Fig.…”

Alginate/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel Films in Relation to Crosslinking with Glutaraldehyde and Copper Sulfate

“…Alginate, a linear polysaccharide (1-4) linked Lguluronic and D-mannuronic acid extracted from brown seaweed, can be ionic cross-linked by divalent or trivalent ions of both guluronic acid and mannuronic acid groups in the side chain leading to water-insoluble [4] Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a hydrophilic anionic polymer derived from cellulose, enable water binding and moisture sorption properties due to its many hydroxyl and carboxylic groups. It can be chemical cross-linked using bifunctional crosslinking agent such as epichrolohydrin, formaldehyde and can be then swelled to form hydrogels and absorbs large amount of water [5,6].…”