Swimming Activity Prevents the Unloading Induced Loss of Bone Mass, Architecture, and Strength in Rats

Falcai, Maurício José; Zamarioli, Ariane; Leoni, Graziela Bianchi; Sousa‐Neto, Manoel Damião; Volpon, José Batista

doi:10.1155/2015/507848

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This group found that swimming during suspension resulted in significant increases in BMD (+43%; p < 0.001) compared with the 20% increase that we report. They also report increases in Tb.Th (+58%), BV/TV (+85%), and Tb.N (+27%), compared with +20% Tb.Th, +32% BV/TV, and +10% Tb.N that we report with our experiment . Falcai and colleagues also reported a lesser effect of suspension and swimming on cortical bone, similar to our findings .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…They also report increases in Tb.Th (+58%), BV/TV (+85%), and Tb.N (+27%), compared with +20% Tb.Th, +32% BV/TV, and +10% Tb.N that we report with our experiment . Falcai and colleagues also reported a lesser effect of suspension and swimming on cortical bone, similar to our findings . Swift and colleagues found similar results to the above: Trabecular bone is more affected than cortical bone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This group reported a decrease of 32% in Tb.N of the suspended group and an increase of 14% in Tb.Th in the jump‐exercise group, whereas we found an approximate 24% decrease in Tb.N with an increase of 20% Tb.Th, respectively . Another group, Falcai and colleagues, concluded that swimming activity not only ameliorates, but also fully prevents deleterious effects on bone quality in osteopenic rats . This group found that swimming during suspension resulted in significant increases in BMD (+43%; p < 0.001) compared with the 20% increase that we report.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

“…(43) Another group, Falcai and colleagues, concluded that swimming activity not only ameliorates, but also fully prevents deleterious effects on bone quality in osteopenic rats. (44) This group found that swimming during suspension resulted in significant increases in BMD (+43%; p < 0.001) compared with the 20% increase that we report. They also report increases in Tb.Th (+58%), BV/TV (+85%), and Tb.N (+27%), compared with +20% Tb.Th, +32% BV/TV, and +10% Tb.N that we report with our experiment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

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Protective Effects of Controlled Mechanical Loading of Bone in C57BL6/J Mice Subject to Disuse

et al. 2019

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Prolonged reduction in weightbearing causes bone loss. Disuse of bone is associated with recovery from common musculoskeletal injury and trauma, bed rest resulting from various medical conditions, and spaceflight. The hindlimb‐suspension rodent model is popular for simulating unloading and disuse. We hypothesized that controlled mechanical loading of the tibia would protect against bone loss occurring from concurrent disuse. Additionally, we hypothesized that areas of high mechanical peak strains (midshaft) would provide more protection than areas of lower strain (distal shaft). Adult C57BL6/J mice were suspended for 3 weeks, with one limb subjected to tibial compression four times per week. μCT imaging was completed at days 0, 11, and 21, in addition to serum analysis. Significant bone loss caused by hindlimb suspension was detected in trabecular bone by day 11 and worsened by day 21 (p < 0.05). Bone loss was also detected in cortical thickness and area fraction by day 21. However, four short bouts per week of compressive loading protected the loaded limb from much of this bone loss. At day 21, we observed a 50% loss in trabecular bone volume/total volume and a 6% loss in midshaft cortical thickness in unloaded limbs, but only 15% and 2% corresponding losses in contralateral loaded limbs (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02). Many bone geometry parameters of the loaded limbs of suspended animals did not significantly differ from non‐suspended control limbs. Conversely, this protective effect of loading was not detected in cortical bone at the lower‐strained distal shaft. Analysis of bone metabolism markers suggested that the benefits of loading occurred through increased formation instead of decreased resorption. This study uniquely isolates the role of externally applied mechanical loading of the mouse tibia, in the absence of muscle stimulation, in protecting bone from concurrent disuse‐related loss, and demonstrates that limited bouts of loading may be highly effective during prolonged disuse. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

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Protective Effects of Controlled Mechanical Loading of Bone in C57BL6/J Mice Subject to Disuse

et al. 2019

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“…The closed and minimal exposition of this fracture model with stabilization is an adequate experimental method because it allows healing by callus formation (secondary healing) without interference of fracture misalignment that might make it difficult to interpret the results 28,29 . The parameters of bone and callus quality that we used are currently employed in experimental practice [30][31][32] . We chose the post-fracture periods of 14 and 28 days because these time intervals represent important landmarks for the femoral fracture Nandrolone decanoate appears to increase bone callus formation in young adult rats after a complete femoral fracture Guimarães APFGM et al…”

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confidence: 99%

Nandrolone decanoate appears to increase bone callus formation in young adult rats after a complete femoral fracture

Guimarães

Butezloff²,

Zamarioli³

et al. 2017

Acta Cir. Bras.

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Nandrolone decanoate appears to increase bone callus formation in young adult rats after a complete femoral fracture 1 AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the influence of nandrolone decanoate on fracture healing and bone quality in normal rats. Methods: Male rats were assigned to four groups (n=28/group): Control group consisting of animals without any intervention, Nandrolone decanoate (DN) group consisting of animals that received intramuscular injection of nandrolone decanoate, Fracture group consisting of animals with a fracture at the mid-diaphysis of the femur, and Fracture and nandrolone decanoate group consisting of animals with a femur fracture and treatment with nandrolone decanoate. Fractures were created at the mid-diaphysis of the right femur by a blunt trauma and internally fixed using an intramedullary steel wire. The DN was injected intramuscularly twice per week (10 mg/kg of body mass). The femurs were measured and evaluated by densitometry and mechanical resistance after animal euthanasia. The newly formed bone and collagen type I levels were quantified in the callus. Results:The treated animals had longer femurs after 28 days. The quality of the intact bone was not significantly different between groups. The bone callus did show a larger mass in the treated rats. Conclusion:The administration of nandrolone decanoate did not affect the quality of the intact bone, but might have enhanced the bone callus formation.

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Compromised Exercise Capacity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Murine (oim) Mouse Model

Gremminger

Jeong

Cunningham

et al. 2019

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable connective tissue disorder that most often arises from type I collagen—COL1A1 and COL1A2—gene defects leading to skeletal fragility, short stature, blue‐gray sclera, and muscle weakness. Relative to the skeletal fragility, muscle weakness is much less understood. Recent investigations into OI muscle weakness in both patients and mouse models have revealed the presence of an inherent muscle pathology. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for OI muscle weakness is critical, particularly in light of the extensive cross‐talk between muscle and bone via mechanotransduction and biochemical signaling. In the following study we initially subjected WT and oim/oim mice, modeling severe human OI type III, to either weight‐bearing (voluntary wheel‐running) or non‐weight‐bearing (swimming) exercise regimens as a modality to improve muscle strength and ultimately bone strength. The oim/oim mice ran only 35% to 42% of the distance run by age‐ and sex‐matched WT mice and exhibited little improvement with either exercise regimen. Upon further investigation, we determined that oim/oim gastrocnemius muscle exhibited severe mitochondrial dysfunction as characterized by a 52% to 65% decrease in mitochondrial respiration rates, alterations in markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and the electron transport chain components, as well as decreased mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, relative to age‐ and sex‐matched WT gastrocnemius muscle. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction in the oim/oim mouse likely contributes to compromised muscle function and reduced physical activity levels. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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Swimming Activity Prevents the Unloading Induced Loss of Bone Mass, Architecture, and Strength in Rats

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Protective Effects of Controlled Mechanical Loading of Bone in C57BL6/J Mice Subject to Disuse

Protective Effects of Controlled Mechanical Loading of Bone in C57BL6/J Mice Subject to Disuse

Nandrolone decanoate appears to increase bone callus formation in young adult rats after a complete femoral fracture

Compromised Exercise Capacity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Murine (oim) Mouse Model

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