Swine polioencephalomyelitis in Brazil: identification of Teschovirus A, Sapelovirus A, and Enterovirus G in a farm from Southern Brazil

Hammerschmitt, Márcia Elisa; Almeida, Paula Rodrigues de; Cecco, Bianca Santana de; Lorenzett, Marina Paula; Schwertz, Claiton I.; Cruz, Raquel Aparecida Sales da; Caprioli, Rafaela Albuquerque; Schuh, Daniela Teresa; Demoliner, Meriane; Eisen, Ana Karolina Antunes; Spilki, Fernando Rosado; Pavarini, Saulo Petinatti; Driemeier, David

doi:10.1007/s42770-021-00509-z

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Possible causes of non-suppurative encephalomyelitis in pigs include Porcine Teschovirus type A (PTV) [31], Porcine Sapelovirus type A (PSV) [32], Porcine Astrovirus type 3 (PoAstV-3) [33], Suid herpesvirus 1 (SHV-1) [34], Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) [35], Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalitis virus (PHEV) [36], and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) [37]. The findings observed in our cases are highly suggestive of infection by a neurotropic virus, such as PSV, PTV and PoAstV-3 [32,33,38]. Some of these viruses have been identified in fecal samples in Brazilian pig farms [39,40], and more recently as a cause of clinical disease in a herd in southern Brazil [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The findings observed in our cases are highly suggestive of infection by a neurotropic virus, such as PSV, PTV and PoAstV-3 [32,33,38]. Some of these viruses have been identified in fecal samples in Brazilian pig farms [39,40], and more recently as a cause of clinical disease in a herd in southern Brazil [38]. In this study, no complementary tests were performed to determine the etiology involved in cases of non-suppurative encephalomyelitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Non-ambulatory pigs in two Brazilian growing-finishing farms: a clinic, etiological and pathological perspective on 76 cases

et al. 2022

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Background Non-ambulatory pigs, colloquially known as downers or downed pigs, are animals presented with limited to no mobility, usually as a result of pre-existing neurologic or musculoskeletal conditions. Impaired ambulation is a major cause of euthanasia in pigs, leading to economic losses and animal welfare concerns. Additionally, reaching the underlying diagnosis of impaired ambulation in pigs is commonly a challenging task for swine practitioners. The aim of this necropsy-based study was to report the clinical, etiological, and pathological findings of 76 non-ambulatory grower-finisher pigs, and to correlate tail-biting lesions with the causes of death/reason for euthanasia in non-ambulatory pigs. Necropsies of downed pigs were performed during on-site visits to two pig farms in southern Brazil. Results The diagnosis of the conditions was based on the clinical, macroscopic, histopathological, bacteriological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings. The diseases diagnosed in non-ambulatory pigs in this study were suppurative arthritis (29/76), suppurative spondylitis (10/76), PVC-2 associated diseases (8/76), bone fracture (7/76), non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis (4/76), suppurative meningoencephalitis (6/76), fibrocartilaginous thromboembolism (3/76), epiphysiolysis (3/76), ascending bacterial myelitis (3/76), and other conditions (3/76). The frequency of suppurative arthritis, suppurative spondylitis, and ascending bacterial myelitis/meningitis was higher in pigs with tail biting lesions than controls (P < 0.001). Conclusions Non-ambulatory pigs were observed during the entire rearing period, however, the occurrence of non-ambulatory pigs increased in animals aged ≥ 150 days. Infectious diseases were the most common cause of downed pigs, mainly associated with chronic bacterial infections. Tail biting lesions were an important predisposing factor to suppurative arthritis, suppurative spondylitis, and ascending bacterial myelitis/meningitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Non-ambulatory pigs in two Brazilian growing-finishing farms: a clinic, etiological and pathological perspective on 76 cases

et al. 2022

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“…PoAstV studies in Latin America are very scarce, and only two have been published. One study identified PoAstV in healthy pigs from a farm in Brazil ( 39 ), and another study conducted in Colombia, which obtained partial PoAstV sequences from diarrheic piglets and humans ( 40 ). To date, most of the PoAstV sequences available in GenBank database were obtained in the Northern hemisphere.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: First Report and Phylogenetic Analysis of Porcine Astroviruses in Chile

et al. 2021

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Porcine Astrovirus (PoAstV) causes mild diarrhea in young pigs and is considered an emerging virus in the swine industry worldwide. PoAstV has high genetic diversity and has been classified into five genetic lineages, PoAstV1–5. In Chile, only human astroviruses have been reported. This study aimed to determine the presence and genetic diversity of PoAstV circulating in intensive pig farms in Chile. Seventeen Chilean intensive swine farms from Valparaíso, Metropolitana, O'Higgins, Ñuble and Araucanía regions were sampled. A selection of oral fluid and fecal material samples from 1–80 days-old pigs were collected and analyzed using next-generation sequencing. The circulation of PoAstV was confirmed in all studied farms. We obtained complete or partial sequences of PoAstV-2 (n = 3), PoAstV-4 (n = 2), and PoAstV-5 (n = 7). In 15 out of 17 farms, we detected more than one lineage co-circulating. Phylogenetic analyses grouped the seven PoAstV-5 strains in a monophyletic cluster, closely related to the United States PoAstV-5 strains. The three PoAstV-2 were located into two separate sub-clusters. PoAstV-4 sequences are also grouped in two different clusters, all related to Japanese strains. Thus, our results indicate that PoAstV circulates in Chile with high frequency and diversity. However, the lack of reference sequences impairs local evolution patterns establishment and regional comparisons. This is the first contribution of PoAstV genomes in Latin America; more studies are needed to understand the diversity and impact of PoAstV on swine health.

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“…In this study, a novel, highly sensitive one-step triplex RT-qPCR assay was introduced, capable of the simultaneous detection of the selected neurotropic RNA viruses, i.e., porcine tescho-, and sapeloviruses of family Picornaviridae, and type 3 porcine astroviruses of family Astroviridae . These viruses could cause severe CNS infections with high mortality rate and—according to recent studies—are considered to be (re-)emerging pathogens of swine [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. The fluorophore-tagged hydrolysis-probe-based assays were designed to either separately (singleplex) or simultaneously (triplex) detect all known types of species Teschovirus A , B and Sapelovirus A as well as specifically PoAstV-3 from various sample types including faecal, nasal or CNS samples of swine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Porcine sapeloviruses (PSV/SV-A) and porcine teschoviruses (PTV/TV-A) of family Picornaviridae and type 3 porcine astroviruses (PoAstV-3) of family Astroviridae are increasingly recognized enteric pathogens associated with a variety of diseases including severe central nervous system disorders (CNS), with a high mortality rate in swine [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Large-Scale Testing of a Novel One-Step Triplex RT-qPCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of “Neurotropic” Porcine Sapeloviruses, Teschoviruses (Picornaviridae) and Type 3 Porcine Astroviruses (Astroviridae) in Various Samples including Nasal Swabs

László

Pankovics

Reuter

et al. 2022

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Porcine sapeloviruses, teschoviruses of family Picornaviridae and type 3 porcine astroviruses of family Astroviridae are (re-)emerging enteric pathogens that could be associated with severe, disseminated infections in swine, affecting multiple organs including the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, small-scale pioneer studies indicate the presence of these viruses in porcine nasal samples to various extents. The laboratory diagnostics are predominantly based on the detection of the viral RNA from faecal and tissue samples using different nucleic-acid-based techniques such as RT-qPCR. In this study, a novel highly sensitive one-step triplex RT-qPCR assay was introduced which can detect all known types of neurotropic sapelo-, tescho- and type 3 astroviruses in multiple types of samples of swine. The assay was evaluated using in vitro synthesized RNA standards and a total of 142 archived RNA samples including known sapelo-, tescho- and type 3 astrovirus positive and negative CNS, enteric and nasal specimens. The results of a large-scale epidemiological investigation of these viruses on n = 473 nasal swab samples from n = 28 industrial-type swine farms in Hungary indicate that all three neurotropic viruses, especially type 3 astroviruses, are widespread and endemically present on most of the investigated farms.

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Swine polioencephalomyelitis in Brazil: identification of Teschovirus A, Sapelovirus A, and Enterovirus G in a farm from Southern Brazil

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Non-ambulatory pigs in two Brazilian growing-finishing farms: a clinic, etiological and pathological perspective on 76 cases

Non-ambulatory pigs in two Brazilian growing-finishing farms: a clinic, etiological and pathological perspective on 76 cases

Case Report: First Report and Phylogenetic Analysis of Porcine Astroviruses in Chile

Development and Large-Scale Testing of a Novel One-Step Triplex RT-qPCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of “Neurotropic” Porcine Sapeloviruses, Teschoviruses (Picornaviridae) and Type 3 Porcine Astroviruses (Astroviridae) in Various Samples including Nasal Swabs

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