Swords into Plowshares: A Study of Agricultural Technology and Society in Early China

Bray, Francesca

doi:10.2307/3103306

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…A second theme is the emergence of intensive agriculture and agricultural practices through late Zhou and certainly into Han times (Bray, , ; Hsu, ) coupled with expanding technological innovation in iron production (Wagner, : chapters 2–3). The introduction of iron tools by the 4th century B.C.…”

Section: Human–environmental Interaction and The Han Flood(s) Of Admentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alluvial Geoarchaeology of the Sanyangzhuang Site on the Yellow River Floodplain, Henan Province, China

Kidder

Liu

et al. 2012

Geoarchaeology

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The Sanyangzhuang site, Henan Province, China, has a 12‐m‐deep stratigraphic sequence with remains from the Tang (A.D. 618–907), late Western Han (ca. 140 B.C.–A.D. 23), Warring States (475–221 B.C.), Late Neolithic or Early Bronze Age (ca. 5000–1500 B.C.), Middle Holocene, and Early Holocene times. All of the paleosols are deeply buried. We investigate four issues relevant to the archaeology of the lower Yellow River Valley. First, we confirm that the Yellow River flowed north toward Bohai Bay throughout most of the Holocene. Second, we expand understanding of Holocene paleoenvironments. Long episodes of landscape stability punctuated by brief periods of Yellow River flooding represent the dominant environmental pattern. Third, we investigate how the complex relationships between climate, culture, and the environment affect Yellow River flooding, which in turn shapes Chinese civilization and history. Flooding in late Western Han times affected a vast area of north‐central China; this catastrophe contributed to the downfall of the late Western Han Dynasty. Finally, this research sheds light on the role of Yellow River alluviation in site burial and preservation. Rapid alluviation in the region has buried many archaeological sites. Settlement pattern research needs to take seriously the limitations placed on site visibility in quickly aggrading floodplains. However, gentle alluviation has also preserved settlements and entire landscapes providing unparalleled opportunities to explore the archaeological and historical record of the lower Yellow River Valley.

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Section: Human–environmental Interaction and The Han Flood(s) Of Admentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alluvial Geoarchaeology of the Sanyangzhuang Site on the Yellow River Floodplain, Henan Province, China

Kidder

Liu

et al. 2012

Geoarchaeology

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“…The sophisticated agricultural systems of the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC–AD 8), in particular, represent the foundation of an agrarian economic structure that persisted for nearly 2000 years (Bray 1978, 1984). Built on the accomplishments of the preceding but short-lived, Qin Dynasty (221–206 BC), the Western Han consolidated political power and established an imperial system ruled by a powerful emperor who governed through a vast bureaucracy that permeated into almost every aspect of society and the economy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cereals, soils and iron at Sanyangzhuang: Western Han agricultural production in the Central Plains

et al. 2019

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“…(Grusky and Weisshaar 2014) is also affected by the adoption of new products and technology. Advances in technology can impact employment prospects for people who have certain job-related skills (Nimkoff 1950;Cowan 1976;Bray 1978;Parikh and Thorbecke 1996;Wheatley 1997;Cudahy 2006;Okeagu et al 2006; Carrera and Mack 2010; Petrova and Marinova 2015), but they can also affect inequality in a community (Bray 1978;Cuthill 2010;Weingaertner and Moberg 2014) or the unequal distribution of revenue or other sources of income (Okeagu et al 2006).…”

Section: Stratificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The social impacts of products: a review

Rainock

Everett

Pack

et al. 2018

Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal

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Many agree that every product has economic, environmental, and social impacts on those who use and produce them. While environmental and economic impacts are well known and measures have been developed, our understanding of social impacts is still developing. While efforts have been made to identify social impacts, academics, and practitioners still disagree on which phenomena should be included, and few have focused on the impacts of products specifically compared with programs, policies, or other projects. The primary contribution of this review essay is to integrate scholarship from a wide array of social science and engineering disciplines that categorizes the social phenomena that are affected by products. Specifically, we identify social impacts and processes including population change, family, gender, education, stratification, employment, health and well-being, human rights, networks and communication, conflict and crime, and cultural identity/heritage. These categories are important because they can be used to inform academics and practitioners alike who are interested in creating products that generate positive social benefits for users.

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Swords into Plowshares: A Study of Agricultural Technology and Society in Early China

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

The Alluvial Geoarchaeology of the Sanyangzhuang Site on the Yellow River Floodplain, Henan Province, China

The Alluvial Geoarchaeology of the Sanyangzhuang Site on the Yellow River Floodplain, Henan Province, China

Cereals, soils and iron at Sanyangzhuang: Western Han agricultural production in the Central Plains

The social impacts of products: a review

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