“…Messages transmitted in the network must be guaranteed from modification, or insertion in the VANET. Security requirements for VANETs have been identified to be availability, integrity, confidentiality, authentication, non-repudiation, and traceability [ 6 , 13 , 15 ]. The high mobility, rapidly changing network topology, limited transmission power, volatility in network connections and boundless network size present a challenge for VANETs to achieve their security requirements [ 7 , 16 ].…”