Syllidae mitochondrial gene order is unusually variable for Annelida

Aguado, M. Teresa; Richter, Sandy; Sontowski, Rebekka; Golombek, Anja; Struck, Torsten H.; Bleidorn, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.050

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…1; Table 1). Other previously studied annelids have mtDNA sizes between 14,414 and 22,058 bp 14, 19, 20, 22, 30 . Although the mitochondrial genome size varied slightly among our three specimens, the intergenic region between nad2 and cox1 showed the greatest variation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…and E. vanelli support a higher varibility in gene order within Ampharetidae 19, 20 . A recent analysis of Syllidae also showed marked variability on the order of protein enconding genes, with four distinct gene orders 14 . With only 89 complete mtDNAs sequenced from annelids 14, 15, 19, 20, 22 , more variation in gene orders will certainly be uncovered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent analysis of Syllidae also showed marked variability on the order of protein enconding genes, with four distinct gene orders 14 . With only 89 complete mtDNAs sequenced from annelids 14, 15, 19, 20, 22 , more variation in gene orders will certainly be uncovered. Slight differences in the number of tRNAs were also revealed in Decemunciger sp., if compared to previous Terebelliformia mtDNA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as with many other deep-sea taxa, there is limited understanding of their diversity and evolution, requiring additional study including use of informative molecular markers 10, 11 . Despite their high diversity and abundance in the deep-sea, a limited number of polychaete taxa have been molecularly characterized from deep-sea ecosystems and from chemosynthetic habitats 12–14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent descriptions of mitochondrial genomes from several annelid linneages revealed marked differences in gene order that are helping to resolve phylogenetic relationships, even though some inconsistencies between sequence data and phylogenies remain 14, 20, 21 . There are currently about 90 complete annelid mitochondrial DNA sequences (mtDNA) published 14, 22 , with many underrepresented linneages, making broad scale mitogenomic comparisons limited given the extremely high number of species in the deep-sea 13 . For instance, in the family Ampharetidae, there are only two incomplete mitochondrial genomes reported ( Eclysippe vanelli and Auchenoplax crinita ) 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple introns in a deep-sea Annelid (Decemunciger: Ampharetidae) mitochondrial genome

Bernardino

Smith

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Wood falls provide episodic fluxes of energy to the sea floor that are degraded by a species-rich benthic fauna. Part of this rich diversity includes annelid polychaetes but unfortunately, our understanding of such fauna is limited and their genetic variability and evolutionary origins remain poorly known. In this study, we sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes from three congeneric Decemunciger (Ampharetidae) individuals that had colonized multiple wood falls in the deep (~1600 m) NE Pacific Ocean. Mitochondrial gene order within Decemunciger was similar to the three other available Terebellomorpha genomes, consistent with the relatively conserved nature of mitochondrial genomes within annelids. Unexpectedly, we found introns within the cox1, nad1 and nad4 genes of all three genomes assembled. This is the greatest number of introns observed in annelid mtDNA genomes, and possibly in bilaterians. Interestingly, the introns were of variable sizes suggesting possible evolutionary differences in the age and origins of introns. The sequence of the introns within cox1 is similar to Group II introns previously identified, suggesting that introns in the mitochondrial genome of annelids may be more widespread then realized. Phylogenetically, Decemunciger appears to be a sister clade among current vent and seep deep-sea Ampharetinae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Multiple introns in a deep-sea Annelid (Decemunciger: Ampharetidae) mitochondrial genome

Bernardino

Smith

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., a new branching annelid from Japan

Aguado

Ponz‐Segrelles

Glasby³

et al. 2022

Org Divers Evol

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Among over 20,000 species of Annelida, only two branching species with a highly modified body-pattern are known until now: the Syllidae Syllis ramosa McIntosh, 1879, and Ramisyllis multicaudata Glasby et al. (Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 164, 481–497, 2012). Both have unusual ramified bodies with one head and multiple branches and live inside the canals of host sponges. Using an integrative approach (combining morphology, internal anatomy, ecology, phylogeny, genetic divergence, and the complete mitochondrial genome), we describe a new branching species from Japan, Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., inhabiting an undescribed species of Petrosia (Porifera: Demospongiae) from shallow waters. We compare the new species with its closest relative, R. multicaudata; emend the diagnosis of Ramisyllis; and discuss previous reports of S. ramosa. This study suggests a much higher diversity of branching syllids than currently known. Finally, we discuss possible explanations for the feeding behaviour in the new species in relation to its highly ciliated wall of the digestive tubes (especially at the distal branches and anus), and provide a hypothesis for the evolution of branching body patterns as the result of an adaptation to the host sponge labyrinthic canal system.

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Hardly Venus’s servant—morphological adaptations of Veneriserva to an endoparasitic lifestyle and its phylogenetic position within Dorvilleidae (Annelida)

Tilic,

Rouse

2024

Org Divers Evol

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Endoparasitic annelids living inside another annelid host are known, particularly with regard to Oenonidae, but in general are poorly studied. The dorvilleid Veneriserva pygoclava is known from southern California, and its genus name (Latin = Venus’s servant) alludes to the close association with the host aphroditid scaleworm Aphrodita longipalpa. Little is known on fundamental questions on the biology of Veneriserva pygoclava. What is its mode of reproduction? How do they feed? How do they penetrate the host? We have studied multiple parasitized hosts and V. pygoclava specimens, using an integrative approach, combining µCT, histology, and electron microscopy. 3D reconstructions from µCT data of a parasitized Aphrodita show the exact position of the parasites in their natural condition within the host’s coelomic cavity. Ultrastructural investigations of the parasites revealed interesting adaptations to their lifestyle such as the complete reduction of their gut, despite the presence of a functional jaw apparatus and a modified epidermis enabling nutrient uptake from the host’s coelomic fluid. In addition to these, we also investigated spermatogenesis and oogenesis in V. pygoclava. Sperm morphology indicates an external fertilization of eggs within the coelomic cavity of the host. Mature male and female parasites living inside the same mature host and the presence of juvenile V. pygoclava within juveniles of Aphrodita suggest an obligate form of parasitism with a very early penetration of the hosts. In addition to our detailed morphological investigation, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis showing the position of Veneriserva within Dorvilleidae and its position was recovered nested among taxa of the Iphitime. Our phylogenetic analyses also show that the taxation Ophryotrocha puerilis siberti should be given full species rank and referred to as Ophryotrocha siberti. Finally, we publish here the full mitochondrial genome of V. pygoclava and discuss its novel gene order with reference to other annelids.

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Syllidae mitochondrial gene order is unusually variable for Annelida

Cited by 19 publications

References 60 publications

Multiple introns in a deep-sea Annelid (Decemunciger: Ampharetidae) mitochondrial genome

Multiple introns in a deep-sea Annelid (Decemunciger: Ampharetidae) mitochondrial genome

Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., a new branching annelid from Japan

Hardly Venus’s servant—morphological adaptations of Veneriserva to an endoparasitic lifestyle and its phylogenetic position within Dorvilleidae (Annelida)

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