Symbiotic fungal endophytePhomopsis liquidambari-rice system promotes nitrogen transformation by influencing below-ground straw decomposition in paddy soil

Abstract

Aims: To explore if and how symbiotic Phomopsis liquidambari-rice system influences below-ground straw decomposition and then nitrogen(N) transformation in response to environmental N levels. Methods and Results: Litter bag experiments were utilized to trace the decay process during rice growth phases (seedling (T1), tillering (T2), heading (T3) and maturing (T4) stage), with (E+) and without endophyte (EÀ), under low (LN), medium (MN) and high nitrogen (HN) supply. Litter, soil and plant samples were collected to evaluate the decay process, N transformations, plant quality and relative abundance of soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and P. liquidambari. The results showed that straw decomposition increased by 19Á76% (LN, T2 stage), 14Á05% (MN, T3 stage) and 16Á88% (MN, T4 stage) in E+ pots when compared with EÀ pots. Further analysis revealed that no significant endophyte 9 N interaction was found for straw decay rate and that the decay rate was reduced by a higher N supply (LN, 37Á16 AE 0Á65%; MN, 32Á27 AE 1Á72%; HN, 29Á44 AE 1Á22%) at the T1 stage, whereas straw decay rate and N release increased by 9Á38 and 11Á16%, respectively, mainly by endophyte colonization at the T4 stage. The abundance of AOA and AOB were altered, corresponding with the decay rate. Soil mineral N, straw mineral N and plant quality were shown to increase in E+ pots, depending on environmental N conditions and growth phase. The yield increased by 2Á98% for E+ plants under MN level. Conclusions: Symbiotic P. liquidambari-rice system promoted below-ground straw decomposition and N transformation, depending on environmental N levels and plant growth phase. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides evidence that fungal endophyte-plant systems are able to promote N transformation by increasing straw decomposition. A reasonable combination of N inputs could enhance its advantage in agriculture ecosystems.

Greenhouse gas emission, water quality and straw decomposition as a function of rice postharvest field management

“…Besides the low concentration of nitrogen in the soil, rice straw is also characterized by low levels of N, around 0.95% (Sun et al 2019). Moreover, the sample collection period was less than 12 days after the knife-roller pass, a period which was not enough to release nitrogen from the plant residues.…”

Fungal endophyte Phomopsis liquidambari biodegrades soil resveratrol: a potential allelochemical in peanut monocropping systems

“…This result is contrary to that of Blum et al, who demonstrated that carbon sources, such as glucose, may reduce microbial metabolism of the allelochemical ρ ‐coumaric acid. A recent study demonstrated that P. liquidambari can perform a lifestyle transition from endophytism to saprophytism and promote the destructive decay of litterfall . Thus, for endophytic microorganisms, the ability to utilize recalcitrant compounds (such as phenolic allelochemicals) as carbon sources might be necessary to survive long periods outside the host habitat without the labile energy.…”

“…Our previous studies reported that the broad‐spectrum endophyte, Phomopsis liquidambari B3, which was isolated from the inner bark of the Bischofia polycarpa stem, can establish a mutualistic relationship with peanut roots and promote peanut nodulation and growth . Moreover, this fungus has been shown to migrate from plant roots to the rhizosphere and then survive in soil for a long time . P. liquidambari has also been proven to decompose 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and luteolin effectively.…”

“…22 Moreover, this fungus has been shown to migrate from plant roots to the rhizosphere and then survive in soil for a long time. 23 P. liquidambari has also been proven to decompose 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 20 ferulic acid, 19 and luteolin 14 effectively. These are typical allelochemicals in the peanut monocropping system.…”

Mycelial network-mediated rhizobial dispersal enhances legume nodulation

“…liquidambaris is able to degrade soil recalcitrant organic matter and survive in harsh environments [26][27][28][29][30]. Because of the strong saprophytic ability, Ph.…”