Symbol Estimation Algorithm for MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communication System Based on Multiplicative Noise Model

Zhang, Ling; Li, Ming; Li, Gangsheng; Wang, Rui

doi:10.1155/2015/719025

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…MIMO technology transfers from various transmitting and receiving apparatus where no supplementary receiver transmitting power and spectrum resources are used. Based on these evidences it can be understood that MIMO technology increases the capacity of the channel reducing the Bit Error Rate (BER) of system in UWAC [11]. To recover the transmitted data, ZF equalization technique has been applied to MIMO in [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is an empirical formula formulated by Schulkin and Marsh for the absorption loss The parameter 𝛽 is given by 𝛽 = 8.68 * 10 3 B are constants, 𝑆 𝑎 stands for salinity, fc for carrier frequency and 𝑓 𝑇 is the relaxation frequency which is given by 𝑓 𝑇 = 21.9 * 10 6−( 1520 𝑇+273 )(11) Here T is the hydrostatic temperature given in (°C); P represents the hydrostatic pressure, which depends on water depth ht, which is given by 𝑃 = 1.01(1 + 0.1ℎ 𝑡 ) (12) In Figure3, two transmitters are placed at a distance L1, dij is the distance between the transmitters i and the receiver j, the two receivers are placed apart at L2. In the alignment, the transmitters and receivers are in parallel planes and L1>L2.…”

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confidence: 99%

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International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Pranitha¹,

Anjaneyulu²,

Minh³

et al. 2020

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Underwater Acoustic Communications (UWAC) is an emerging technology in the field of underwater communications, and it is challenging because of the signal attenuation of the sound waves. Multiple Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) is introduced in UWAC because of its support in enhancing the data throughput even under the conditions of interference, signal fading, and multipath. The paper presents the concept and analysis of 2× 2 MIMO UWAC systems that uses a 4-QAM spatial modulation scheme thus minimizing the decoding complexity and overcoming the Inter Channel Interference (IChI). Bit Error Rate (BER) investigation is carried out over different link distances under acoustic Line of Sight (LOS). The utilization of Zero Forcing (ZF) and Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (VBLAST) equalizers, which estimates the transmitted data proves a success of removing Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). The ISI caused due to multipath effect and scattering in UWAC can be reduced by iterative process considered in VBLAST. A study is made on how the distance between the transmitter and the receiver and the Doppler Effect has its impact on the performance of the system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Pranitha¹,

Anjaneyulu²,

Minh³

et al. 2020

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show abstract

“…The bandwidth of the transmitting and receiving means of MIMO occupy the same frequency band, without the use of any further receiver transmitting power. This can increase the capacity of the channel and lessen the Bit Error Rate (BER) of the system [17]. Whenever the transfer functions between different transmitting and receiving antennas are identically and independently distributed (i.i.d.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of a MIMO based Underwater Communication System under Fading Conditions

Pranitha

Anjaneyulu

2019

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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Due to the intense importance of underwater applications in military and commercial purposes, Underwater Acoustic Communication (UWAC) is an attracting research area. Very high propagation delay, path loss, and low bandwidth are the factors that challenged the acoustic waves in an underwater environment. Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) techniques are currently considered in UWAC to surpass the bandwidth limitation of the undersea channel. In this paper, the accomplishment of a MIMO in UWAC System highlighting both Line of Sight (LOS), i.e. the Rician fading and Non-Line of Sight (NLOS), i.e. the Rayleigh fading signal propagation, is assessed. Spatial Modulation technique is used, which helps in increasing the data rate in UWAC. It controls the spatial distribution of the energy caused by a signal in such a way that the single ocean channel sustains multiple parallel communication channels. The utilization of Zero Forcing (ZF) equalizer, which estimates the transmitted data proves the success of removing inter symbol interference (ISI). Matlab simulations are done for the UWAC system for values of LOS/NLOS. Because of various scattering effects in NLOS propagation, the error rate is considerably high when compared to that of the LOS propagation. Bit Error Rate (BER) values for the corresponding signal to noise ratio (SNR) are calculated.

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Enhancing underwater target detection: Fusion of spatio‐temporal incompletely‐aligned AIS and sonar information via DTW and multi‐head attention mechanism

Zhao,

Cheng,

Wang

et al. 2024

IET Radar Sonar & Navi

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In the field of underwater target detection, the passive sonar is an important means of long‐distance target detection. The sonar detection information typically includes both surface and underwater targets, whereas it is a great challenge on effectively distinguishing between surface and underwater targets solely based on sonar information. Effective fusion of sonar and AIS (Automatic Identification System) data can leverage their complementary nature to compensate for the limitation of sonar information. However, the sonar information and AIS information are acquired based on different detection principles and systems, which are essentially multi‐source heterogeneous information with obvious spatio‐temporal misalignment in nature. Existing fusion methods normally struggle to effectively align sonar and AIS data in both time and space subject to the complexity of the problem. In this study, the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm is applied to align sonar and AIS data in the time domain. In addition, a deep learning algorithm with multi‐head attention mechanism is proposed to achieve the spatial alignment of sonar and AIS data, where the matching between the surface targets in AIS data and the same surface targets in sonar data can also be successfully achieved. It provides a priori knowledge to enhance the underwater target detection of the passive sonar by eliminating the interference of the surface targets. Based on the attention mechanism, the abstract features extracted from the intermediate‐layer of the neural networks are found to be effective to represent the typical features of the target motion trajectories, which also demonstrates the effectiveness of the attention mechanism. The experiment results show that the proposed method can successfully achieve a MatchingSucccessRate of over 95% between the AIS targets and sonar detection targets.

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Symbol Estimation Algorithm for MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communication System Based on Multiplicative Noise Model

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Performance Evaluation of a MIMO based Underwater Communication System under Fading Conditions

Enhancing underwater target detection: Fusion of spatio‐temporal incompletely‐aligned AIS and sonar information via DTW and multi‐head attention mechanism

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