Symbolic analysis of (MO)(I)CCI(II)(III)‐based analog circuits

Abstract

SUMMARYNew nullor-based models are introduced to describe the behavior of the first generation current conveyor (CCI), second generation current conveyor (CCII), third generation current conveyor (CCIII), their inverting equivalents (ICCI(II)(III)), and/or their multiple output topologies (MO(I)CCI(II)(III)). These nullor equivalents include only grounded resistors to improve the formulation of equations in symbolic nodal analysis. In this manner, it is highlighted the usefulness of the proposed models to calculate analytical expressions in MO(I)CCI(II)(III)-based analog circuits.

Symbolic analysis of analog circuits containing voltage mirrors and current mirrors

“…As already shown in [22,37,39], the main advantage of transforming an analog circuit to a nullor network is to apply only NA in the formulation process, and to obtain a reduced system of equations for operational amplifier based circuits [7,37], and in general for circuits containing non-NA compatible elements.…”

“…The first step of the NA-formulation consists to model all circuit elements, such as: active devices, controlled sources and independent voltage sources using nullors [5,14,39]. The modeling process must include grounded admittances as much as possible, because they have only one entry in the NA formulation [37], while floating ones may have up to four entries requiring more computational work.…”

“…These representations are useful in circuit modeling [2,20,30,42], circuit transformation [28,29,41], and circuit synthesis [18,19]. However, these representations do not allow to include parasitics and they can not be used within the symbolic NA method, because their inverting characteristics do not allow to perform operations as it is done for networks containing nullators and norators [7,22,37,39]. In this manner, we introduce nullor-equivalents for the VM, CM and MO-CM to solve these problems.…”

“…In particular, the nullator and the norator are quite useful to perform symbolic analysis by only applying nodal analysis (NA) [11,22,39]. Besides, the symbolic NA method requires that all active devices be modeled using nullors [14,22,39].…”

“…there is not way to perform addition or deletion of columns or rows to preserve the inverting characteristics of either or both the VM and CM, as it is done in a nullor network [37]. In this manner, we are introducing nullorequivalents for the VM, CM and MO-CM to take advantage of the symbolic NA of nullor networks [7,37,39]. …”