Symmetric mortality and asymmetric suicide cycles

Does unemployment have asymmetric effects on suicide rates? Evidence from the United States: 1928–2013

“…Thus, these aforementioned results not only support the pro-cyclical suicide hypothesis, but also coincide with the asymmetric suicide cycle hypothesis, suggesting that asymmetric effects of economic fluctuation (measured by the change of unemployment rate) on suicide exist in the U.S. over the period of 1928-2013. In fact, the evidence obtained from our asymmetric causality tests are consistent with the findings from Wu and Cheng (2010), suggesting that there is an asymmetric relationship between unemployment rate and suicide rate in the U.S. Nevertheless, it is important to address that Wu and Cheng (2010) restricted their asymmetries to the relationship between the positive (or negative) change in employment rate and suicide rates, while we focused our asymmetries on the relationship between the positive (or negative) change in employment rate and the positive (or negative) change in suicide rates.…”

“…In addition, due to the recent global economics crises occurring in 2007, many recent studies have tried to evaluate the impact of economic crises on suicide (Barr, Taylor-Robinson, Scott-Samuel, McKee, & Stuckler, 2012;Baumbach & Gulis, 2014;Chang, Stuckler, Yip, & Gunnell, 2013;Coope et al, 2014;Phillips & Nugent, 2014;Reeves et al, 2012Reeves et al, , 2015. Following this strand of research, some studies specifically investigated the effect of economic austerity (generosity) policies on suicide (Antonakakis & Collins, 2014;Branas et al, 2015;Cylus, Glymour, & Avendano, 2014) and other studies established the relationship between business cycle and suicide (Blasco-Fontecilla et al, 2012;Chang, Cai, & Chen, 2017;Chen, Chang, & Lin, 2018;Korhonen, Puhakka, & Viren, 2016;Luo, Florence, Quispe-Agnoli, Ouyang, & Crosby, 2011;Wu & Cheng, 2010). Since unemployment has been identified as a superior gauge of the population-level consequences of economic fluctuation (Granados, 2005;Wu & Cheng, 2010), much research has been done to examine the relationship between unemployment and suicide (Breuer, 2015;Chen, Cho, Lai, & Lee, 2010;DeFina & Hannon, 2015;Fountoulakis, Gonda, Dome, Theodorakis, & Rihmer, 2014;Lannani, Ghosn, Jougla, & Rey, 2015;Nordt, Warnke, Seifritz, & Kawohl, 2015;Norström & Grönqvist, 2015;Wu & Cheng, 2010).…”

“…Although the asymmetric effect of economic fluctuation on suicide has long been implied in the theoretical frameworks of the socio-economic determinants of suicide (Lester, 2001), the research incorporating asymmetric suicide cycles in the determinants of suicide is limited in the literature. To the authors' best knowledge, Wu and Cheng (2010) is the first published research dealing with the possibility of asymmetric suicide cycles in order to reveal the asymmetric effects of unemployment on suicide. Recently, employed the linear and non-linear A.R.D.L.…”

Revisiting the Relationship Between Suicide and Unemployment in Mexico: Evidence From Linear and Non-linear Co-integration

“…Breuer (12) and Reeves et al (13) used European Union data, Noh (14) with the OECD-countries data. To better understand this research, it is essential to highlight that some studies only examined austerity, otherwise known as the effect of economic generosity, policies on suicide (10,15,16), whereas other studies reviewed the linkage between business cycles and suicide rates (1,3,12,(17)(18)(19)(20). Another aspect that can also have an influence on suicide is economic fluctuations.…”

Asymmetric Effect of Business Cycles on Population Health: Evidence From the ASEAN Countries

“…The asymmetric effects of business cycles on various economic variables have long been investigated in macroeconomics studies [e.g., (45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)]. Mocan and Bali (50) found the asymmetric response of crime to changes in the unemployment rate.…”