Sympathetic nervous system contributes to the age-related impairment of flow-mediated dilation of the superficial femoral artery

Thijssen, Dick H. J.; Groot, P. C. de; Kooijman, M. A. P.; Smits, Paul; Hopman, Maria T. E.

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00240.2006

Cited by 69 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…[26][27][28] However, sympathetic nervous system activity is more effective in controlling resistance vessels than conduit arteries, where it has limited impact on baseline diameter. 29 In any case, impacts of changes in the sympathetic nervous system or circulating factors would arguably be similar between the limbs, and our experimental approach involving simultaneous bilateral measurements effectively eliminates such factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of SR Manipulation on Conduit Artery Dilation in Humans

et al. 2013

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Exercise decreases primary and secondary cardiovascular events, 1,2 effects that cannot be entirely accounted for by modification of traditional risk factors. 3,4 Animal studies implicate shear stress as a key stimulus to the release of paracrine hormones, including NO, from the endothelium during exercise bouts. [5][6][7] Episodic exposure to elevations in shear stress may explain the cardioprotective effects of exercise training through direct effect on the vascular wall. 8,9 Previous studies in humans have assessed the relationship between shear rate (SR) and conduit artery diameter by increasing SR using heating 10 or exercise 10,11 or responses to different periods of arterial occlusion. 12,13 These studies are complimented by recent data from Padilla et al, 10 who demonstrated that matched SR changes associated with leg exercise and forearm heating increase brachial artery dilation to a similar extent. Although this evidence suggests that shear stress may play a role in conduit artery dilation in humans, an approach that attenuates shear as a stimulus, without affecting other potential vasodilator stimuli, is necessary to establish that SR is a key stimulus that induces conduit artery diameter change in humans.In the present study we adopted 3 general strategies to comprehensively examine the hypothesis that shear stress manipulation would alter conduit artery dilation. Leg exercise was performed at distinct intensities in the same subjects to assess dose-response relationships, with shear and diameter measured during the exercise bouts (study 1). We assessed the impact of increased shear and shear attenuation by using partial cuff inflation on 1 forearm during simultaneous bilateral measures in the radial arteries. In a second study, we assessed the impact of cycle ergometer exercise (at 80% maximum heart rate [HRmax]) on brachial artery shear and dilation using similar techniques (study 2). Finally, to address the impact of shear manipulation in the absence of exercise, we heated both forearms simultaneously by placement in water baths (42°C) and measured consequent changes in brachial shear and diameter, with a cuff inflated to manipulate shear through 1 arm (study 3). We also repeated the latter studies Abstract-The impact of manipulating shear stress on conduit artery vasodilation has not been comprehensively described in vivo. We hypothesized that manipulation of SR through the brachial and radial arteries would be associated with corresponding changes in diameter. We performed a series of studies involving the following: (1) leg cycle exercise at increasing intensities (≈70 and 85% maximum heart rate [HRmax]) with simultaneous bilateral measurement of SR in the radial arteries; (2) leg cycle exercise for 30 minutes at 80% HRmax with simultaneous bilateral measurement of velocity and diameter in the brachial arteries; and (3)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of SR Manipulation on Conduit Artery Dilation in Humans

et al. 2013

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“…Other groups also suggested a relationship between vation induced by the cold pressor test, a potent nonbarorefl ex sympathoexcitatory stimulus, 35) whereas modifi cation did occur in older healthy subjects. 36) Conversely, it has been demonstrated that ANS denervation alters endothelial function in animal studies. 37) In humans, ANS modulation by alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonists has also been shown to improve endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypertension.…”

Section: Correlations Between Impairments In the Ans And Endothelial mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Vascular Function and the Autonomic Nervous System

Amiya

Watanabe

Komuro

2014

Annals of Vascular Diseases

108

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Endothelial dysfunction and autonomic nervous system dysfunction are both risk factors for atherosclerosis. There is evidence demonstrating that there is a close interrelationship between these two systems. In hypertension, endothelial dysfunction affects the pathologic process through autonomic nervous pathways, and the pathophysiological process of autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus is closely related with vascular function. However, detailed mechanisms of this interrelationship have not been clearly explained. In this review, we summarize fi ndings concerning the interrelationship between vascular function and the autonomic nervous system from both experimental and clinical studies. The clarifi cation of this interrelationship may provide more comprehensive risk stratifi cation and a new effective therapeutic strategy against atherosclerosis.

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“…However, to date, the only study using a detraining protocol to assess systemic adaptations involved spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. 13 Spinal cord injury patients experience progressive decreased vascularization after injury; the specific relative contribution of detraining or SCI to systemic vascular remodeling in this population remains unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Resting Arterial Diameter and Blood Flow Changes With Resistance Training and Detraining in Healthy Young Individuals

Stebbings

Morse

McMahon

et al. 2013

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Disruptions to habitual training routines are commonly due to injury or illness and can often lead to detraining adaptations. The implications of such adaptations to the human vasculature in a trained, asymptomatic population are not fully understood.Objective: To determine the extent of local and systemic changes in arterial diameter and blood flow to resistance training and subsequent detraining in young adults.Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: University physiology laboratory and fitness suite.Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-one healthy volunteers (aged 20.0 6 2.8 years, 11 men and 10 women).Intervention(s): Eight-week lower limb resistance training period and subsequent 4-week detraining period.Main Outcome Measure(s): Quadriceps and hamstrings concentric torque (strength), resting heart rate, arterial diameter, and blood flow velocity in the superficial femoral and carotid arteries were measured at 0, 8, 10, and 12 weeks.Results: Resistance training increased quadriceps and hamstring strength (32% and 35%, respectively, P , .001), whereas strength decreased during detraining (24% and 27%, respectively, P , .05). Resting heart rate decreased after resistance training (16%, P , .01) and increased during detraining (19%, P , .001). Additionally, resistance training significantly increased superficial femoral and carotid resting arterial diameters (27% and 13%, respectively, P , .001) and mean blood flow (53% and 55%, respectively, P , .001). Detraining resulted in a significant decrease in superficial femoral and carotid resting diameter (46% and 10%, respectively, P , .001) and mean blood flow (61% and 38%, respectively, P , .05).Conclusions: Resistance training initiated both local and systemic changes to arterial diameter and blood flow; these changes appeared to reverse after detraining. The local changes in response to detraining showed a worsening (beyond pretraining values) of the vascular dimensional and blood flow characteristics.

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Sympathetic nervous system contributes to the age-related impairment of flow-mediated dilation of the superficial femoral artery

Cited by 69 publications

References 41 publications

Effect of SR Manipulation on Conduit Artery Dilation in Humans

Effect of SR Manipulation on Conduit Artery Dilation in Humans

The Relationship between Vascular Function and the Autonomic Nervous System

Resting Arterial Diameter and Blood Flow Changes With Resistance Training and Detraining in Healthy Young Individuals

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