Sympathetic responses in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Morisaki, H.; Takino, Yoshio; Ichikizaki, Kiyoshi; Ochiai, Ryoichi

doi:10.1016/0736-4679(91)90372-m

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Tachycardia might also indicate a greater degree of organ dysfunction, as previous studies in cardiac arrest patients have showed dramatically higher endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in nonresuscitated compared with resuscitated patients (19,20). Higher lactate levels (21) and hyperglycemia (5,22) in the postresuscitation period have also been reported to be associated with worse outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Bradycardia During Therapeutic Hypothermia Is Associated With Good Neurologic Outcome in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest*

Stær-Jensen

Sunde

Olasveengen

et al. 2014

Critical Care Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Bradycardia During Therapeutic Hypothermia Is Associated With Good Neurologic Outcome in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest*

Stær-Jensen

Sunde

Olasveengen

et al. 2014

Critical Care Medicine

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“…Some of these factors also may be related to the specific hippocampal damage observed in this study of humans. It is also possible that hypercortisolemia (high blood level of glucocorticoids) which is known to occur after cardiac arrest [26, 27]has neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus [28, 29]. Experimental studies suggest that direct glucocorticoid exposure leads to neuronal loss and a decrease in dendritic branching in the hippocampus [30]associated with memory deficits [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal Damage in the Human Brain after Cardiac Arrest

et al. 2000

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Background and Purpose: Very few reports are available on changes in the human hippocampus after cardiac arrest. The objective of this study was to investigate if specific hippocampal volume losses can be demonstrated in the human brain following reperfusion after cardiac arrest. Methods: We assessed the volumes of the hippocampal formation (HF) and temporal lobe excluding HF (TL) as the contrast using magnetic resonance (MR)-imaging-based volumetry in 11 vegetative patients after cardiac arrest and in 22 healthy controls of similar age, sex and body size distribution. The measured volumes were normalized for differences in the head size among subjects by dividing by the total intracranial volume (TICV). The MR images of the 11 patients were obtained between days 8 and 21 after cardiac arrest. Results: The observed volumes of HFs and TLs of both patient and control groups were as follows: right HF volume (HFV): 2.67 ± 0.19 (mean ± SD, cm³) in patients versus 3.89 ± 0.44 in controls; left HFV: 2.72 ± 0.17 versus 3.74 ± 0.35; right TL volume (TLV): 73.37 ± 6.54 versus 80.08 ± 7.62, and left TLV: 72.45 ± 6.77 versus 78.59 ± 6.68. The normalized indices (HFV/TICV and TLV/TICV) were as follows: right HF: 0.0021 ± 0.0002 (mean ± SD) in patients versus 0.0031 ± 0.0001 in controls, p < 0.0001, left HF: 0.0022 ± 0.0002 versus 0.0030 ± 0.0001, p < 0.0001, right TL: 0.058 ± 0.002 versus 0.064 ± 0.004, p = 0.0007, and left TL: 0.058 ± 0.002 versus 0.062 ± 0.004, p = 0.0014. The HFV-TLV ratios (HFV/TICV divided by TLV/TICV) of both groups were: right HFV-TLV ratio: 0.037 ± 0.004 in patients versus 0.049 ± 0.004 in controls, p < 0.0001, left HFV-TLV ratio: 0.038 ± 0.004 versus 0.048 ± 0.004, p < 0.0001. Conclusions: The patient group had HFs that were 26.8–30.6% smaller than those of the control group, but in the patient group, the TLs slightly decreased in size by only 7.8–8.2% of the volume of those in the control group within 21 days after cardiac arrest. The volume reductions in the bilateral HFs of patients after cardiac arrest were significantly larger than those in the bilateral TLs. We speculate that this specific rapid hippocampal shrinkage reflects its greater vulnerability to global brain ischemia.

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“…The search strategy identified a total of 11,834 records, of which 6914 were non‐duplicates. After applying all inclusion and exclusion criteria, 118 studies were included in the scoping review, as shown in Figure 1 11–128 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐arrest blood‐based biomarkers for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: A scoping review

Benoit,

Hogan,

Connelly

et al. 2024

JACEP Open

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ObjectiveBlood‐based biomarkers play a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients, yet none are routinely measured during the intra‐arrest phase of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Our objective was to describe methodological aspects, sources of evidence, and gaps in research surrounding intra‐arrest blood‐based biomarkers for OHCA.MethodsWe used scoping review methodology to summarize existing literature. The protocol was designed a priori following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. Inclusion criteria were peer‐reviewed scientific studies on OHCA patients with at least one blood draw intra‐arrest. We excluded in‐hospital cardiac arrest and animal studies. There were no language, date, or study design exclusions. We conducted an electronic literature search using PubMed and Embase and hand‐searched secondary literature. Data charting/synthesis were performed in duplicate using standardized data extraction templates.ResultsThe search strategy identified 11,834 records, with 118 studies evaluating 105 blood‐based biomarkers included. Only eight studies (7%) had complete reporting. The median number of studies per biomarker was 2 (interquartile range 1–4). Most studies were conducted in Asia (63 studies, 53%). Only 22 studies (19%) had blood samples collected in the prehospital setting, and only six studies (5%) had samples collected by paramedics. Pediatric patients were included in only three studies (3%). Out of eight predefined biomarker categories of use, only two were routinely assessed: prognostic (97/105, 92%) and diagnostic (61/105, 58%).ConclusionsDespite a large body of literature on intra‐arrest blood‐based biomarkers for OHCA, gaps in methodology and knowledge are widespread.

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Sympathetic responses in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Bradycardia During Therapeutic Hypothermia Is Associated With Good Neurologic Outcome in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest*

Bradycardia During Therapeutic Hypothermia Is Associated With Good Neurologic Outcome in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest*

Hippocampal Damage in the Human Brain after Cardiac Arrest

Intra‐arrest blood‐based biomarkers for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: A scoping review

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