Sympatric and allopatric niche shift of endemic Gypsophila (Caryophyllaceae) taxa in the Iberian Peninsula

Luis, Miguel de; Bartolomé, Carmen; Cardo, Oscar García; Labarga, Juan Manuel Martínez; Álvarez-Jiménez, Julio

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206043

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It is important to note that this does not mean that G . bermejoi could reach those areas in the period of time contemplated, although historically there is strong evidence for migration and episodes of colonization for this and other related Gypsophila taxa [23, 72] . Indeed, it is difficult to establish whether or not these areas could be colonized by this plant within this time span (2070).…”

Section: - Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Four climate change scenarios for Gypsophila bermejoi G. López (Caryophyllaceae) to address whether bioclimatic and soil suitability will overlap in the future

et al. 2019

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Climate change has altered the global distribution of many species. Accordingly, we have assessed here the potential shift in the distribution of Gypsophila bermejoi G. López under distinct scenarios of future climate change, this being a species endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. For strict gypsophiles, climatic changes affecting their potential area of distribution could be critical if the new range is not overlapped with suitable soils. Thus, the narrow bioclimatic niche and the endemic nature of this plant could make this species particularly vulnerable to climate change. We used the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) method to study the potential distribution of this taxon under four different scenarios of climate change, pin-pointing relevant changes in the potential distribution of this plant and enabling possible future areas of refuge to be assessed. Such scenarios are defined according to four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) [, which represent different trends in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. As a result, we predict notable changes in the potential distribution of G . bermejoi , and the overlap between soil and bioclimatic suitability would be affected. We also used a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to model the bioclimatic niche of this species, comparing it with that of its parental taxa. The evolution of bioclimatic suitability was assessed at the current locations of G . bermejoi and as this plant is a strict gypsophile, we generated suitability maps for sites with gypsum soils. Ultimately, this study identifies relevant changes in the potential distribution of G . bermejoi under specific climatic scenarios, observing remarkable differences in the outcomes of the different climate change scenarios. Interestingly, in some scenarios the bioclimatic suitability of G . bermejoi will be enhanced at many locations and even in the worst scenario some possible refuge areas were identified. G . bermejoi behaves more like a hardy survivor than as early victim.

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Section: - Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, this is reflected in a recent detailed study comparing the bioclimatic niches of G . bermejoi and its parental taxa [23] .…”

Section: - Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four climate change scenarios for Gypsophila bermejoi G. López (Caryophyllaceae) to address whether bioclimatic and soil suitability will overlap in the future

et al. 2019

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“…All these plants are gypsophytes endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, and they are of particular ecological, evolutionary and biochemical interest. Some evidence points to a recent origin of the current populations of G. bermejoi [42,43]. Indeed, based on ENMs and SDMs it has been shown that the parental taxa of G. bermejoi had a high degree of sympatry during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), although the climatic conditions may have repressed the formation of this species because of its very narrow bioclimatic niche at that time [42,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using species distribution models to locate the potential cradles of the allopolyploid Gypsophila bermejoi G. López (Caryophyllaceae)

Luis¹,

Álvarez-Jiménez²,

Rejos³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Polyploidy has been an influential force in plant evolution, playing a crucial role in diversification. Differences in polyploid and diploid distributions have been long noted, with polyploid taxa especially abundant in harsh environments. These plants have higher photosynthetic rates and/or higher tolerance to water deficits. Moreover, there is data pointing to an increase in the rate of unreduced gamete formation by plants under conditions of stress. Accordingly, a higher frequency of polyploid individuals would be expected in populations living under extreme environments, a phenomenon that may be relevant when considering the origin of allopolyploid species. Hybridization between distinct autopolyploids is known to produce allopolyploids and hence, a high frequency of compatible autopolyploids in an area could enhance the formation of stable populations of the corresponding allopolyploid hybrid. Here we consider the allopolyploid species Gypsophila bermejoi G. Ló pez and its parental taxa G. struthium L. subsp. struthium and G. tomentosa L. We have used Species Distribution Models to locate areas with low bioclimatic suitability for both parental taxa during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), hypothesizing that the rate of tetraploid hybrid formation would be higher than expected where low suitability areas of both parental species overlap. We selected those areas taking into account the strict gypsophyllic nature of these taxa. There is data pointing to a post-glacial origin of the current G. bermejoi populations and according to our hypothesis, such locations could be centers for hybrid tetraploid formation or potential cradles of this species. Indeed, potential Mid-Holocene cradles were also identified in this manner. The evolution of bioclimatic suitability in both LGM and Mid-Holocene cradles was studied to assess the possible survival of the hybrids, and the current distribution of G. bermejoi proved to be consistent with our hypothesis.

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“…The new genetic architecture generated by hybridization can thus also facilitate ecological divergence, promoting a speciation process by exploiting a specific niche, e.g., ref. 42 .…”

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Harmonizing hybridization dissonance in conservation

2020

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A dramatic increase in the hybridization between historically allopatric species has been induced by human activities. However, the notion of hybridization seems to lack consistency in two respects. On the one hand, it is inconsistent with the biological species concept, which does not allow for interbreeding between species, and on the other hand, it is considered either as an evolutionary process leading to the emergence of new biodiversity or as a cause of biodiversity loss, with conservation implications. In the first case, we argue that conservation biology should avoid the discussion around the species concept and delimit priorities of conservation units based on the impact on biodiversity if taxa are lost. In the second case, we show that this is not a paradox but an intrinsic property of hybridization, which should be considered in conservation programmes. We propose a novel view of conservation guidelines, in which human-induced hybridization may also be a tool to enhance the likelihood of adaptation to changing environmental conditions or to increase the genetic diversity of taxa affected by inbreeding depression. The conservation guidelines presented here represent a guide for the development of programmes aimed at protecting biodiversity as a dynamic evolutionary system. B iodiversity is in crisis and the main reasons are human activities inducing habitat modifications and the introduction of invasive species 1. In addition, global climate change will probably alter habitat characteristics, migration patterns, reproduction time, and place of various species 2. Such human disturbances may produce new breeding overlaps, breaking the independent evolution of organisms and leading to hybridization (see Glossary, Table 1) 3. The role of hybridization in the evolution of several plant and animal taxa has been recognized in the light of newly developed molecular tools 4. This has also alerted biologists about the threat this phenomenon may represent to biodiversity when enhanced by anthropogenic factors 5. We identified three types of hybridization regarding the reproductive properties of first-generation

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Sympatric and allopatric niche shift of endemic Gypsophila (Caryophyllaceae) taxa in the Iberian Peninsula

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Four climate change scenarios for Gypsophila bermejoi G. López (Caryophyllaceae) to address whether bioclimatic and soil suitability will overlap in the future

Four climate change scenarios for Gypsophila bermejoi G. López (Caryophyllaceae) to address whether bioclimatic and soil suitability will overlap in the future

Using species distribution models to locate the potential cradles of the allopolyploid Gypsophila bermejoi G. López (Caryophyllaceae)

Harmonizing hybridization dissonance in conservation

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