Symposium on the Mode of Action of Antibiotics1

Wyss, Orville; Smith, G. N.; Hobby, Gladys L.; Oginsky, Evelyn L.; Pratt, Robertson

doi:10.1128/mmbr.17.1.17-49.1953

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Chloramphenicol has been shown to exert a strong inhibitory action on microbial protein synthesis (Wyss et al, 1953;Wisseman et al, 1954;Hopps et al, 1956). Hence, the results which show proteins and amino acids acting as antagonists of chloramphenicol in higher concentrations, although not limited to selected amino acids, seem to be especially interesting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

BACTERICIDAL ACTION OF CHLORAMPHENICOL ON ESCHERICHIA COLI

Miyamura

1958

J Bacteriol

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The antibiotics in common use have been described as being bacteriostatic in low concentrations and bactericidal in high concentrations (Waksman and Reilly, 1944; Hamre et al., 1946). However, measuring bactericidal action of antibiotics is not always simple, because it may be difficult with conventional methods to discriminate between static and cidal activity. It would be desirable at times to be able to ascertain Whether a particular antibiotic, at a given concentration, exerts a static or a cidal action on a particular pathogen. Such information might be useful not only in fundmental studies of mode of action but also in clinical investigations. The present study describes a paper electrophoresis procedure with which the bactericidal activity of antibiotics can be determined. Applying this procedure, the action of chloramphenicol, which usually has been considered only weakly bactericidal, was investigated using Escherichia coli as the test organism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Test organism. E. coli strain no. 60, the growth of which is inhibited by a chloramphenicol concentration of 1 jig per ml, was used. The organisms were grown on nutrient agar slants for 24 hr at 37 C, washed twice by resuspending and centrifuging in distilled water, and then were diluted to give a suspension containing approximately 200 million viable cells per ml. Agar disc. The agar medium contained NaCl, 0.8 per cent; Na2HPO4. 12H20, 0.8 per cent; KH2PO4, 0.25 per cent; and agar, 1.5 per cent. It was melted and then cooled to 48 C. Ten ml

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

BACTERICIDAL ACTION OF CHLORAMPHENICOL ON ESCHERICHIA COLI

Miyamura

1958

J Bacteriol

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“…Yet here is STREPTOMYCIN-RESISTANT E. COLI an example where increased production of an enzyme permits survival in the presence of an inhibitor of the enzyme action even though in this instance the function may be concomitant to some other change or changes basic to streptomycin resistance. The central role of pantothenate in anabolism suggests an association of this change with effects on terminal respiration, acetate accumulation, aerobic versus anaerobic action, and the by-pass mechanism for end products otherwise synthesized by the "pyruvateoxalacetate reaction" (see review by Wyss et al, 1953). SUMMARY Some streptomycin resistant strains of Escherichia coli, strain B, contain increased amounts of pantothenic acid and increased activity of a pantothenate-synthesizing enzyme.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Pantothenate-Synthesizing Enzyme in Streptomycin-Resistant Escherichia Coli

Wyss

Schaiberger

1953

J Bacteriol

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“…The most widely known such enzyme, penicillinase, has found usage in research and in clinical practice, and penicillin amidase is the subject of much current research (Batchelor et al, 1961). Chloramphenicol (Abd-el-Malek, Monib, and Hazem, 1961;Wyss et al, 1953), actinomycin (Katz and Pienta, 1957), streptomycin (Klein and Pramer, 1961), and mitomycin (Gourevitch, Pursiano, and Lein, 1961) were also reported to be subject to microbial degradation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microbiological Degradation of Tetracyclines

Meyers¹,

Smith²

1962

J Bacteriol

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The degradation of tetracyclines by an ascomycete, Xylaria digitata, was demonstrated. Washedcell suspensions were capable of degrading tetracycline, 5-hydroxytetracycline, 7-chlortetracycline, 7-chlor-6-demethyltetracycline, 2-acetyl-2-decarboxamido-5-hydroxytetracycline, and 12a-deoxytetracycline. The influence of environmental conditions upon the degradation of tetracycline was investigated. A nonantibacterial, nonfluorescent product was located from the degradation of 14C 5-hydroxytetracycline. Evidence indicated that neither the A nor D ring of 5-hydroxytetracycline is attacked. Acetone powders, lyophilized powders, and cell-free

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Symposium on the Mode of Action of Antibiotics1

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

BACTERICIDAL ACTION OF CHLORAMPHENICOL ON ESCHERICHIA COLI

BACTERICIDAL ACTION OF CHLORAMPHENICOL ON ESCHERICHIA COLI

Increased Pantothenate-Synthesizing Enzyme in Streptomycin-Resistant Escherichia Coli

Microbiological Degradation of Tetracyclines

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