Symptom and comorbidity patterns in World War II and Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

Davidson, Jonathan; Kudler, Harold; Saunders, W. B.; Smith, Rebecca

doi:10.1016/0010-440x(90)90020-s

Cited by 162 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Similarly, in a study of World War 2 (WW2) and Vietnam veterans with PTSD (Davidson et al, 1990) in cases comorbid for alcohol abuse and PTSD, the alcohol abuse did not develop until approximately 7 years after the emergence of PTSD in the WW2 veterans group and tended to emerge around the same time as PTSD in the Vietnam veterans group. However, ',he studies above (i.e., Clark & Jacob, 1992;Davidson et al, 1985Davidson et al, , 1990 examined the relative order of onset of diagnoses, not the onset of subthreshold symptoms. It is possible that some veterans in the Vietnam group (Davidson et al, 1990) began abusing alcohol to dampen subthreshold PTSD symptoms before the onset of full-blown PTSD.…”

Section: Order Of Onsetmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, ',he studies above (i.e., Clark & Jacob, 1992;Davidson et al, 1985Davidson et al, , 1990 examined the relative order of onset of diagnoses, not the onset of subthreshold symptoms. It is possible that some veterans in the Vietnam group (Davidson et al, 1990) began abusing alcohol to dampen subthreshold PTSD symptoms before the onset of full-blown PTSD. Davidson et al (1990) noted that the earlier onset of alcoholism in the Vietnam as opposed to the WW2 veterans group may reflect the greater availability of alcohol at the time.…”

Section: Order Of Onsetmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Alcohol abuse in individuals exposed to trauma: A critical review.

Stewart¹

1996

Psychological Bulletin

570

422

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Section: Order Of Onsetmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Order Of Onsetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol abuse in individuals exposed to trauma: A critical review.

Stewart¹

1996

Psychological Bulletin

570

422

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“…Thus, the current study was designed to assess the invariance of PTSD facture structure across three groups of veterans who differ in era of military service and treatment seeking status: treatment-seeking Vietnam-era veterans; treatment-seeking post-Vietnam-era veterans; and Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veteran research volunteers (OEF/OIF Registry). Although there is some evidence that the expression of PTSD symptoms may differ across veteran cohorts (Davidson, Kudler, Saunders, & Smith, 1990), no studies have directly examined the factorial invariance of PTSD across veteran groups. A notable point of contrast between the King et al (1998) and Simms et al (2002) studies is that although they both employed military veteran samples (Vietnam era and GulfWar I era, respectively), different PTSD symptom structures were supported for each veteran cohort.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factorial invariance of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms across three veteran samples

McDonald

Beckham

Morey

et al. 2008

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Research generally supports a 4-factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, few studies have established factor invariance by comparing multiple groups. This study examined PTSD symptom structure using the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) across three veteran samples: treatment-seeking Vietnam-era veterans, treatment-seeking post-Vietnam-era veterans, and Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veteran research participants. Confirmatory factor analyses of DTS items demonstrated that a 4-factor structural model of the DTS (reexperiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal) was superior to five alternate models, including the conventional 3-factor model proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Results supported factor invariance across the three veteran cohorts, suggesting that cross-group comparisons

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“…Researchers have found that episodes of depersonalization occur in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (Devinsky, Feldmann, Burrowes, & Bromfield, 1989), cerebral tumors (Lilja & Salford, 1997), cerebrovascular disease (Morioka et al, 1997), and traumatic brain injury (Blanco-Campal, Carton, & Delargy, 2003). In addition, episodes of depersonalization are commonly associated with Panic Disorder (Cox, Swinson, Endler & Norton, 1994) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Bremner et al, 1998;Davison, Kudler, Saunders, & Smith, 1990;Mayou, Bryant, & Ehlers, 2001). …”

Section: Under-diagnosis Of Dpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of depersonalization disorder

DeHoff¹

2011

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Depersonalization Disorder (DPD) is considered both under-researched and underdiagnosed. A variety of reasons have been proposed for the under-diagnosis of DPD, including the high frequency of depersonalization as a symptom and comorbidity of DPD with other disorders. Under-diagnosis of DPD has also been attributed to inadequate diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV-TR, as it lists only four criteria and only one specifically addresses the phenomenon of depersonalization. Several groups of researchers have proposed more comprehensive and in-depth conceptualizations of DPD. Further, common biases in clinical decision-making, such as an over-reliance on cognitive heuristics and the use of prototypes, can contribute to inaccurate diagnosis and under-diagnosis. A national sample of licensed psychologists was randomly selected and recruited from the membership of the American Psychological Association. The study was conducted on-line and participants were asked to read one of two DPD cases, assign a diagnosis, and rate the representativeness of a series of diagnoses for the case. They were also asked to rate the presence of a list of symptoms, including the DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 criteria for DPD, and the symptoms and dimensions of DPD and depersonalization from the literature. Half of the participants were asked to assign a diagnosis and then rate symptoms (simulated prototype approach) while the others rated the symptoms before assigning a diagnosis (simulated DSM-IV approach). The study found that clinicians under-diagnosed DPD and that the DSM-IV depersonalization criterion had high sensitivity but not adequate specificity. Results indicated that a simulated DSM-IV approach

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Symptom and comorbidity patterns in World War II and Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

Cited by 162 publications

References 15 publications

Alcohol abuse in individuals exposed to trauma: A critical review.

Alcohol abuse in individuals exposed to trauma: A critical review.

Factorial invariance of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms across three veteran samples

Diagnosis of depersonalization disorder

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