Symptom prescription: A review of the clinical outcome literature

Katz, Joel

doi:10.1016/0272-7358(84)90013-8

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Because of the growing popularity and the potential misuses of paradoxical interventions (Fisher, Anderson, & Jones, 1981), an empirically based "bird's eye view" that carefully examines these interventions is called for (Rosenthal, 1983). Such an examination, obtained with the kind of meta-analytic procedures used here, would complement but not duplicate more traditional reviews (e.g., Katz, 1984;Strong, 1984).…”

Section: Paradoxical Interventions Are To Family Therapy What Relax-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical interventions: A meta-analysis.

Shoham-Salomon¹,

Rosenthal²

1987

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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The effectiveness of paradoxical interventions in psychotherapy was evaluated in a meta-analysis of 12 data sets. Overall, paradoxical interventions were as effective as (but not more effective than) the typical treatment mode. However, paradoxical interventions showed relatively greater effectiveness than other interventions (a) 1 month after treatment termination and (b) with more severe cases.Finally, the analyses point to the advantage of positive connotations but raise serious doubts concerning the effectiveness of symptom prescription that does not follow a positive connotation. We offer specific research questions pertaining to the factors that mediate the differential effectiveness of paradoxical interventions.

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Section: Paradoxical Interventions Are To Family Therapy What Relax-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical interventions: A meta-analysis.

Shoham-Salomon¹,

Rosenthal²

1987

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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“…They resist most direct attempts at change. They fight the helper's moves to help (Katz, 1984). It is true that certain individuals are exceedingly difficult to treat, but we as clinicians and researchers must be mindful of our choice of words when attempting to "help."…”

Section: Characterological Disturbancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phantom limb experience in children and adults: Cognitive and affective contributions.

Katz¹

1993

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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This paper reviews the literature on cognitive and affective processes that contribute to phantom limb experience. The paper challenges a commonly held view that psychologically or emotionally induced sensations or pain referred to the phantom limb necessarily represent a psychopathological response to amputation. It is argued that thoughts and feelings may trigger sensations referred to the phantom limb in psychologically healthy individuals and that the painful or painless phantom limb is not a symptom of a psychological disorder. An attempt is made to address the puzzling finding that only after amputation are thoughts and feelings capable of evoking referred sensations to the (phantom) limb. A model is developed that involves a sympathetic-efferent somatic-afferent cycle of activity, initiated by higher brain centres involved in cognitive and affective processes, to explain psychologically and emotionally triggered phantom limb sensations. It is concluded that the experience of a phantom limb is determined by a complex interaction of inputs from the periphery and widespread regions of the brain subserving sensory, affective, and cognitive processes. Throughout the paper, developmental themes are highlighted, both as they relate to the time course of the phantom limb and to what little is known about the phenomenon in children and adolescents. ResumeLe rapport comporte un examen de la literature sur les processus cognitifs et affectifs qui concourrent a l'experience du membre fantome. On y remet en question l'opinion repandue selon laquelle les sensations d'ordre psychologique ou emotionnel ou la douleur du membre fant6me representent forc^ment une reponse psychopathologique a l'amputation. On fait valoir que les pensees et les sentiments peuvent declencher la sensation du membre fantome chez des individus psychologiquement sains et que le membre fantome douloureux ou non n'est pas le symptome d'un trouble psychologique. On tente d'expliquer l'observation troublante d'apres laquelle les pensees et les sentiments peuvent evoquer la sensation du membre (fantdme) seulement apris l'amputation. Un modele incluant un cycle d'activit6 efferent-sympathique afferent-somatique, mis en oeuvre par les centres nerveux superieurs qui interviennent dans les processus cognitifs et affectifs, est concu pour expliquer la sensation du

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“…There is considerable evidence, mostly in the form of anecdotal case studies, that supports the efficacy of paradoxical directives in the treatment of a broad range of problem behaviors. (See reviews by DeBord, 1989; Dowd & Milne, 1986; Katz, 1984. ) A wide variety of paradoxical directives have been described in the literature, with different labels used t o denote similar techniques (Ascher & Turner, 1980;Dowd & Milne, 1986; Kolko & Milan, 1986; Ridley & Tan, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DeBord (1 989) concludes that much less "hard" evidence exists for the effectiveness of symptom prescription than for the effectiveness of either paradoxical intention or reframing. This study is restricted to paradoxical directives that may best be termed "symptom prescription," in which the counselor prescribes explicit directives that encourage the client to either maintain or increase the symptom's frequency of occurrence (Katz, 1984). Existing experimental studies on symptom prescription generally have lacked adequate control groups (DeBord, 1989), and none has examined in-session client cognitive responses to the symptom prescription directives of counselors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Client cognitive responses to counselor paradoxical and nonparadoxical directives

et al. 1990

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Client cognitive responses to counselor paradoxical and nonparadoxical directives were examined. It was predicted (a) that clients who received paradoxical symptom prescriptions would display a greater negativity toward the counselor and counseling than those who received nonparadoxical directives; and (b) that clients who received no rationale for the paradoxical directives would display a greater negativity than those who received a rationale. Thirty clients who had reported performance anxiety received one 45-minute counseling interview. Ten clients received paradoxical directives with a rationale, 10 received paradoxical directives with no rationale, and 10 received nonparadoxical directives. Results showed no significant differences in either client in-session negativity or out-of-session implementation of directives between the paradoxical and nonparadoxical conditions and between the rationale and no rationale paradoxical conditions. Possible implications of the findings are discussed.There is considerable evidence, mostly in the form of anecdotal case studies, that supports the efficacy of paradoxical directives in the treatment of a broad range of problem behaviors. (See reviews by DeBord,

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Symptom prescription: A review of the clinical outcome literature

Abstract: . The

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Paradoxical interventions: A meta-analysis.

Paradoxical interventions: A meta-analysis.

Phantom limb experience in children and adults: Cognitive and affective contributions.

Client cognitive responses to counselor paradoxical and nonparadoxical directives

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