“…MacCormick et al designed a study to test this belief by capturing the symptoms and signs reported by patients with cardiac syncope before the patients or their attending clinicians knew the final diagnosis [37]. They performed a retrospective case-note review of 35 consecutive unrelated gene-positive probands with a proven cardiac channelopathy.…”
Section: Symptoms and Signs Associated With Syncope In Young People Wmentioning
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of death during exercise. While initial reports suggested that the most common cause of SCD in young athletes was due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a critical review of investigations in several populations (athletes, non-athletes, military, national, and international) supports that the most common finding at autopsy of young individuals with SCD is actually a structurally normal heart (SNH). This information is vital for sports medicine clinicians, especially with regard to the pre-participation evaluation (PPE) since cardiac death associated with a SNH is likely attributed to disorders such as arrhythmia or ion channel diseases. This comprehensive review explores the causes of SCD, along with the symptoms preceding death, which ultimately may help refine the PPE and maximize the ability to detect potentially lethal disease prior to competition.
“…MacCormick et al designed a study to test this belief by capturing the symptoms and signs reported by patients with cardiac syncope before the patients or their attending clinicians knew the final diagnosis [37]. They performed a retrospective case-note review of 35 consecutive unrelated gene-positive probands with a proven cardiac channelopathy.…”
Section: Symptoms and Signs Associated With Syncope In Young People Wmentioning
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of death during exercise. While initial reports suggested that the most common cause of SCD in young athletes was due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a critical review of investigations in several populations (athletes, non-athletes, military, national, and international) supports that the most common finding at autopsy of young individuals with SCD is actually a structurally normal heart (SNH). This information is vital for sports medicine clinicians, especially with regard to the pre-participation evaluation (PPE) since cardiac death associated with a SNH is likely attributed to disorders such as arrhythmia or ion channel diseases. This comprehensive review explores the causes of SCD, along with the symptoms preceding death, which ultimately may help refine the PPE and maximize the ability to detect potentially lethal disease prior to competition.
“…If mobile phone or video footage of the event exists, then this is often invaluable. Features suggestive of reflex (neurally mediated) syncope2 3 8▸ Nausea (unique to non-arrhythmogenic syncope)▸ Vomiting▸ After an emotionally stressful event▸ Following prolonged standing in a hot, crowded area▸ During or after a meal▸ After (not usually during) exercise▸ With head rotationFeatures suggestive of syncope due to orthostatic hypotension3▸ Following standing from supine, sitting or squatting position▸ Standing after exercise▸ Prolonged standing in a hot environment▸ Secondary to commencement of vasoactive medicationsRed flag symptoms for cardiac syncope3 7 8▸ During exertion▸ When supine▸ When asleep▸ Immediately following sudden onset palpitations▸ Exertional chest pain prior to syncope▸ In a swimming pool▸ Secondary to auditory stimuli▸ Without warning (no prodrome)▸ Structural heart disease▸ Family history of:– Sudden death– Congenital arrhythmias…”
Section: Historymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some investigators8 have found that dizziness is a symptom in patients with arrhythmogenic (cardiac) syncope. However, nausea appears to be unique to non-arrhythmogenic syncope.…”
Syncope can be a dramatic and frightening experience for the patient and onlookers. It can also be a confusing area for doctors, with a lack of diagnostic certainty and a differential that ranges from the completely benign to the lifethreatening. This is a tricky area for clinicians, who can find it difficult to reassure their patients and their families. The aim of this article is to present a clear scheme for appropriate investigation and referral of paediatric patients with syncope. The aim of investigations in such cases should be to confirm or exclude serious, life-threatening causes of syncope.
“…Seizure-like activity is commonly seen with cardiac arrhythmias and may be seen after head trauma. This presentation should not delay the start of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, application of an automated external defibrillator, or emergency care for head trauma [11,12]. It is highly recommended that all events and institutions have an emergency action plan in place.…”
Although blunt traumatic injuries are common in athletes, life-threatening trauma is fortunately rare. Most current literature has focused on nontraumatic causes of athlete death though traumatic injuries may be more common. Although prevention of these injuries may be more difficult than nontraumatic causes, prompt recognition and treatment is paramount. Common traumatic causes of collapse athlete generally involve the head, neck, and trunk and are more frequent in collision sports. Other higher risk sports include track and field, cheerleading, snow sports, and those involving motorized vehicles. Health care providers who participate in sports coverage should be aware of the potential for these injuries as emergency treatment is required to maximize outcomes. Emergency action plans allow providers to expediently activate emergency management services while providing treatment and stabilization.
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