Symptoms of Depression and ADHD in Relation to Stimulant Medication Misuse Among College Students

Benson, Kari; Flory, Kate

doi:10.1080/10826084.2017.1318146

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The increased rates of NMUPS are concerning due to the impairments, correlates, and attitudes associated with misuse. NMUPS has consistently been found to be associated with psychiatric disorders, specifically depression and ADHD 8,9 . For example, we reported a twofold risk for broad ADHD associated with NMUPS in a college sample 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Disentangling the Social Context of Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants in College Students

et al. 2020

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Background and Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the social context of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) among college students who endorsed NMUPS with co‐occurring substance use disorders (SUD) compared with those without co‐occurring SUDs. Methods Presented here are new analyses based on data previously collected from college students aged 18 to 28 years derived from the Boston metropolitan area who endorsed NMUPS (N = 100) at least once in their lifetime. Differences between those with lifetime history of SUD (N = 46) and without a history of SUD (N = 54) on the Massachusetts General Hospital ADHD Medication Misuse and Diversion Assessment were analyzed using the Student t test, the Pearson χ2 test, and the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. Results College students who endorsed NMUPS with co‐occurring SUD were more likely than those without SUD to have bought or traded stimulants, bought or traded in their car, used at parties with drugs/alcohol, or used intranasally (all P < .05). Intranasal administration was common (38% of all students endorsing NMUPS) and was associated with misuse at a party and simultaneous use with cocaine (P = .04), marijuana (P < .001), and alcohol (P < .001), compared with only oral use. Discussion and Conclusions Notable characteristics were identified among individuals who engaged in NMUPS in the type, amount, cost, and ascertainment of stimulants. Scientific Significance The concurrence of SUD and/or intranasal administration appear to represent a more severe phenotype of NMUPS that should be considered in the implementation of future prevention and intervention protocols on college campuses. (Am J Addict 2020;29:476–484)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Disentangling the Social Context of Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants in College Students

et al. 2020

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“…Individual study details are available in Table S1, available online. 9,11,15,[18][19][20][21][22]27,31,32,[42][43][44]50,52,54,55,58,61,63,[72][73][74][75][76][77]80,82,84,93,[95][96][97][98][99][100]103,105,109,118 NMU ¼ nonmedical use.…”

Section: Figure 2 Percentages Of Individuals Who Self-reported Nonmedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review: Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants: Risk Factors, Outcomes, and Risk Reduction Strategies

Faraone

Rostain

Montano³

et al. 2020

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

156

110

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Objective: To review all literature on the nonmedical use (NMU) and diversion of prescription stimulants to better understand the characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of NMU and to review risk-reduction strategies. Method: We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS from inception to May 2018 for studies containing empirical data about NMU and diversion of prescription stimulants. Additional references identified by the authors were also assessed for inclusion. Results: A total of 111 studies met inclusion criteria. NMU and diversion of stimulants are highly prevalent; self-reported rates among population samples range from 2.1% to 58.7% and from 0.7% to 80.0%, respectively. A variety of terms are used to describe NMU, and most studies have examined college students. Although most NMU is oral, non-oral NMU also occurs. The majority of NMU is associated with no, or minor, medical effects; however, adverse medical outcomes, including death, occur in some individuals, particularly when administered by non-oral routes. Although academic and occupational performance enhancement are the most commonly cited motivations, there is little evidence that academic performance is improved by NMU in individuals without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Conclusion: NMU of stimulants is a significant public health problem, especially in college students, but variations in the terms used to describe NMU and inconsistencies in the available data limit a better understanding of this problem. Further research is needed to develop methods to detect NMU, identify individuals at greatest risk, study routes of administration, and devise educational and other interventions to help reduce occurrence of NMU. Colleges should consider including NMU in academic integrity policies.

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“…Their results suggested symptoms of depression that were most related to misuse overlapped with symptoms of ADHD. Specifically, "trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing, inability to focus on the important things, and feeling fidgety" (Benson & Flory, 2017). Symptoms of anxiety, too, often look similar to ADHD and depression symptoms including restlessness and difficulty concentrating (APA, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes and Predictors of Stimulant Misuse in College Students with and Without ADHD

et al. 2021

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In recent years, rates of prescription stimulant misuse have increased among young adults ages 18 to 25 along with increases in dispensing rates of these medications. Preliminary studies suggest that college students with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may be more likely to misuse their stimulant medication than their non-ADHD peers. Research is needed to further explore possible rates, correlates, and outcomes of prescription stimulant misuse among college students with and without ADHD. Data regarding study strategies, psychological functioning, stimulant misuse, and GPA were collected from students from universities within the US ( N = 144), showing significantly higher rates of misuse among college students with ADHD. With depression and anxiety entered into the predictive model, inattentive symptoms were the only significant predictor of misuse in the full sample. The present findings have implications for academic interventions aimed at supporting the success of college students with and without ADHD and inform academic outcomes of prescription stimulant misuse.

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Symptoms of Depression and ADHD in Relation to Stimulant Medication Misuse Among College Students

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Disentangling the Social Context of Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants in College Students

Disentangling the Social Context of Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants in College Students

Systematic Review: Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants: Risk Factors, Outcomes, and Risk Reduction Strategies

Outcomes and Predictors of Stimulant Misuse in College Students with and Without ADHD

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