Symptoms of Raynaud’s Phenomenon in an Inner-City African-American Community

Gelber, Allan C.; Wigley, Fredrick M.; Stallings, Rebecca; Bone, Lee R.; Barker, Anne; Baylor, Ingrid; Harris, Carolyn S.; Hill, Martha N.; Zeger, Scott L.; Levine, David M.

doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00015-3

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The prevalence rates vary between 1% and 25% in men and 1.8% and 30% in women [2,7•,8-23]. In the United States, population-based studies suggest that the prevalence of RP in women is approximately 9% in the Northeast [7•,15] and 4% in the South [21,22]. The prevalence of RP in men is approximately 6% in the Northeast [7•,15] and 3% in the South [21,22].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods used to define RP include physician interview, self-reported digital color changes in response to cold exposure [22], self-reported episodes of biphasic or triphasic color changes in response to cold exposure or emotional stress [25], and face-to-face interviews requiring cold sensitivity or color changes and blanching confirmed by color charts and photographs [12]. Because the face-to-face interview requires that patients report well-demarcated blanching to be classified as having RP, it is more specific, but less sensitive, than the other methods.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raynaud’s phenomenon: Epidemiology and risk factors

Fraenkel

2002

Curr Rheumatol Rep

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Although originally described more than 100 years ago, the pathophysiology of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) remains incompletely understood. Epidemiologic studies have the potential to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of RP and to identify potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Such studies require standardized instruments to accurately identify subjects with RP. Dr. Maricq was the first to develop and validate a standardized instrument to classify patients with this disorder. Her work has facilitated many of the epidemiologic studies of RP that are discussed in this review.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Raynaud’s phenomenon: Epidemiology and risk factors

Fraenkel

2002

Curr Rheumatol Rep

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“…Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) not associated with an underlying connective tissue disease is a common disorder characterized by reversible vasospasm of the extremities and is frequently induced by cold exposure. Results of population-based studies suggest that the prevalence of RP in the US ranges between 4% and 9% in women and between 3% and 6% in men (1)(2)(3)(4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The incidence and natural history of Raynaud's phenomenon in the community

Suter¹,

Murabito²,

Felson³

et al. 2005

Arthritis & Rheumatism

107

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Objective. Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a common disorder, yet its incidence and natural history are unknown. Our objective was to determine the incidence and natural history of RP not associated with a connective tissue disease in a large, community-based population.Methods. Using serial examinations of the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort, we collected data regarding RP symptoms for 717 women and 641 men over a 7-year period. We used validated criteria for RP classification and categorized participants as having incident, persistent, or remitted RP. We performed sex-specific analyses of RP status by age, body mass index, vibratory tool use, season of examination, state of residence, use of antihypertensive medications, and smoking status.Results. The mean ؎ SD age of participants was 53.5 ؎ 10 years. The incidence of RP was 2.2% in women (n ‫؍‬ 14) and 1.5% in men (n ‫؍‬ 9). Of the 78 women and 50 men who had RP at baseline, 36% of women (n ‫؍‬ 28) and 36% of men (n ‫؍‬ 18) had persistent RP. RP remitted in 64% of women (n ‫؍‬ 50) and 64% of men (n ‫؍‬ 32), with 41 women and 25 men meeting no or only 1 RP criterion at followup. RP episodes were infrequent and rarely interfered with daily activities.Conclusion. This is the first prospective study to determine the incidence and natural history of RP in a community-based cohort. Our data demonstrate that RP not associated with a connective tissue disease is frequently a transient phenomenon and rarely interferes with daily activities.Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) not associated with an underlying connective tissue disease is a common disorder characterized by reversible vasospasm of the extremities and is frequently induced by cold exposure. Results of population-based studies suggest that the prevalence of RP in the US ranges between 4% and 9% in women and between 3% and 6% in men (1-4).To date, there have been no studies defining the incidence or natural history of RP in the community. Due to the episodic nature of RP and variable disease severity and expression, it is unknown whether RP symptoms persist or resolve over time. In a retrospective study published in 1957, Gifford and Hines noted that of 307 women with RP followed up for a mean of 12 years, 38% noted no change in their symptoms, 36% improved, 16% worsened, and 10% noted disappearance of symptoms (5). However, this was a clinic-based sample and is therefore unlikely to represent the spectrum of disease in the community.The objectives of the current study were to determine the incidence of RP and to describe the natural history of this disorder, using a well-validated instrument in a large community-based population. PATIENTS AND METHODSParticipants. Study subjects were participants in the Framingham Offspring Study cohort. Details describing this cohort have been published previously (6). Briefly, the Framingham Offspring Study cohort comprises children of the Dr.

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“…Weitwinkelglaukom wird die Existenz eines generalisierten vasospastischen Syndroms vermutet [4][5][6][7]. Diese Annahme wird auch durch populationsbasierte Untersuchungen unterstützt [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Psychometrische Tests bei primärem Raynaud-Phänomen – Untersuchungsergebnisse an einem Tiroler Patientenkollektiv

Weigel¹,

Klein-Weigel

Kinzl

et al. 2006

Wien Med Wochenschr

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Primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP) is provoked by digital vasospasm induced by cold and emotional strain. By use of established psychometric test instruments (Freiburger Aggressionsfragebogen (FAF), Fragebogen zur Abschätzung psychosomatischen Krankheitserlebens (FAPK), Stressverarbeitungsfragebogen (SVF 120)) we examined the patients' ways of dealing with aggression and distress as well as their experience of psychosomatic illness. In all psychometric tests performed there were no statistically significant differences between the patients and the controls, indicating that patients with PRP depict no specific ways of dealing with aggression and distress, and do not experience psychosomatic illness. The subgroup of patients with affective disorders and the subgroup of patients with impaired psychological well-being, displayed a 'depressive style' of dealing with life events. Patients with major physical complaints of symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon showed either an inability or a propensity to deny aggression. Patients with impaired psychological well-being tended to complain more often about severe physical symptoms associated with Raynaud's phenomenon. Psychometric testing in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon cannot be recommended without additional psychiatric diagnostic. In patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon and psychiatric comorbidity psychometric testing can additionally provide useful clinical information.

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Symptoms of Raynaud’s Phenomenon in an Inner-City African-American Community

Cited by 39 publications

References 25 publications

Raynaud’s phenomenon: Epidemiology and risk factors

Raynaud’s phenomenon: Epidemiology and risk factors

The incidence and natural history of Raynaud's phenomenon in the community

Psychometrische Tests bei primärem Raynaud-Phänomen – Untersuchungsergebnisse an einem Tiroler Patientenkollektiv

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