Synaptic connections in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of mice, in vitro.

Hirsch, Judith A.; Oertel, Donata

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1988.sp016977

Cited by 58 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…There was a dramatic enhancement of synaptic inhibition as stimulus voltage was raised. This finding is consistent with the stimulus level dependence of inhibition in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (Hirsch and Oertel 1988). This was best demonstrated by the fact that APs could always be elicited at lower stimulus amplitudes from those that recruited synaptic inhibition (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Bilateral inhibition by glycinergic afferents in the medial superior olive

Grothe¹,

Sanes²

1993

Journal of Neurophysiology

118

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1. Coincidence-detection of excitatory synaptic potentials has long been considered to be the mechanism by which medial superior olivary (MSO) neurons compute interaural time differences. Here we demonstrate the contribution of synaptic inhibition in this circuit using a gerbil brain slice preparation. 2. Nearly all cells exhibited excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and action potentials (APs) after stimulation of either the ipsilateral or contralateral afferent pathway. In 44% of cells, the latency of APs depended on stimulus amplitude, exhibiting shifts of 0.25-2 ms. 3. Nearly all neurons (89%) exhibited stimulus-evoked synaptic inhibition. The inhibitory effects were enhanced at greater stimulus amplitudes and were usually able to block synaptically evoked APs. In addition, APs and EPSPs were reversibly blocked by delivering the inhibitory transmitter glycine in almost all tested cells (91%). 4. In the presence of the glycine antagonist strychnine, the effects of synaptic inhibition were suppressed. 5. The stimulus level-dependent inhibitory potentials influenced the probability that an MSO neuron would fire an AP, as well as the precise timing. Therefore, the present results have implications for the processing of interaural time differences by the MSO and at higher auditory centers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Bilateral inhibition by glycinergic afferents in the medial superior olive

Grothe¹,

Sanes²

1993

Journal of Neurophysiology

118

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“…In light of earlier reports indicating that GLU1 endings arise from auditory nerve fibers, these data suggests that only FC and VC receive auditory nerve input. Consistent with these findings, monosynaptic connections from the auditory nerve onto FC basal dendrites have been shown using different techniques including intracellular tracer injection (Kane, 1974;Schweitzer and Cant, 1984;Mugnaini, 1895;Smith and Rhode, 1985;Hirsch and Oertel, 1988;Oertel and Wu, 1989;Ryugo and May, 1993;Osen et al, 1995;Wenthold, 1997, 1999). GLU1-type terminals were the only excitatory endings present on VCs, suggesting sole excitatory afferent input from the auditory nerve.…”

Section: Cell-type Specificity Of Glutamatergic Synaptic Endings In Tmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Glycine is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the DCN (Hirsch and Oertel, 1988;Mildbrandt and Caspary, 1995;Golding and Oertel, 1996;Godfrey et al, 2000;PotFig. 8.…”

Section: Postembedding Immunogold Labeling Of the Glycine Receptor ␣1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential distribution of synaptic endings containing glutamate, glycine, and GABA in the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus

Rubio

2004

J of Comparative Neurology

104

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The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) integrates the synaptic information depending on the organization of the excitatory and inhibitory connections. This study provides, qualitatively and quantitatively, analyses of the organization and distribution of excitatory and inhibitory input on projection neurons (fusiform cells), and inhibitory interneurons (vertical and cartwheel cells) in the DCN, using a combination of high-resolution ultrastructural techniques together with postembedding immunogold labeling. The combination of ultrastructural morphometry together with immunogold labeling enables the identification and quantification of four major synaptic inputs according to their neurotransmitter content. Only one category of synaptic ending was immunoreactive for glutamate and three for glycine and/or gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA). Among those, nine subtypes of synaptic endings were identified. These differed in their ultrastructural characteristics and distribution in the nucleus and on three cell types analyzed. Four of the subtypes were immunoreactive for glutamate and contained round synaptic vesicles, whereas five were immunoreactive for glycine and/or GABA and contained flattened or pleomorphic synaptic vesicles. The analysis of the distribution of the nine synaptic endings on the cell types revealed that eight distributed on fusiform cells, six on vertical cells and five on cartwheel cells. In addition, postembedding immunogold labeling of the glycine receptor alpha1 subunit showed that it was present at postsynaptic membranes in apposition to synaptic endings containing flattened or pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and immunoreactive for glycine and/or GABA on the three cells analyzed. This information is valuable to our understanding of the response properties of DCN neurons.

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“…The generators of spontaneous rate in the DCN are not well understood, but must include both auditory nerve fibers and parallel fibers (Hirsch and Oertel, 1988). Following acoustic trauma, both sources of spontaneous activity could contribute to DCN neurons' spontaneous spiking.…”

Section: Spontaneous Discharge Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsal cochlear nucleus response properties following acoustic trauma: Response maps and spontaneous activity

Young

2006

Hearing Research

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Recordings from single neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) of unanesthetized (decerebrate) cats were done to characterize the effects of acoustic trauma. Trauma was produced by a 250 Hz band of noise centered at 10 kHz, presented at 105-120 dB SPL for 4 h. After a one-month recovery period, neurons were recorded in the DCN. The threshold shift, determined from compound actionpotential audiograms, showed a sharp threshold elevation of about 60 dB at BFs above an edge frequency of 5-10 kHz. The response maps of neurons with best frequencies (BFs) above the edge did not show the typical organization of excitatory and inhibitory areas seen in the DCN of unexposed animals. Instead, neurons showed no response to sound, weak responses that were hard to tune and characterize, or "tail" responses, consisting of broadly-tuned, predominantly excitatory responses, with a roughly low-pass shape similar to the tuning curves of auditory nerve fibers with similar threshold shifts. In some tail responses whose BFs were near the edge of the threshold elevation, a second weak high-frequency response was seen that suggests convergence of auditory nerve inputs with widely separated BFs on these cells. Spontaneous rates among neurons with elevated thresholds were not increased over those in populations of principal neurons in unexposed animals.

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Synaptic connections in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of mice, in vitro.

Cited by 58 publications

References 45 publications

Bilateral inhibition by glycinergic afferents in the medial superior olive

Bilateral inhibition by glycinergic afferents in the medial superior olive

Differential distribution of synaptic endings containing glutamate, glycine, and GABA in the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus

Dorsal cochlear nucleus response properties following acoustic trauma: Response maps and spontaneous activity

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