Synaptic Modulations

Karczmar, Alexander G.; Nishi, S.; Blaber, L. C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-95201-2_5

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…The term modulation, defined first by Kyo Ko ketsu, Les Blaber, and this author (Karczmar et al 1972;Karczmar 1990;Akasu et al 1981) Thesleff (1955) and Karczmar and Howard (1955) . The effect in question was desensitization or receptor inac tivation arising from prolonged application of depolar izers, including ACh, to the motor endplate .…”

Section: Interactions Modulations and Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Presentation of the Story and Present Status of Studies of the Vertebrate Cholinergic System

Karczmar

1993

Neuropsychopharmacol

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This year marks the seventieth anniversary of Otto Loewi's demonstration of chemical transmission generally and autonomic cholinergic transmission specifically and the fortieth anniversary of John Eccles's proof of the existence of central cholinergic transmission. Following these epochal findings, the subsequent studies of the cholinergic system led to discoveries of similarly important phenomena. This review concerns these phenomena, including chemical structure and molecular biology of cholinergic receptors; electrophysiologic and ionic aspects of pre-and postsynaptic cholinergic events; the quantal expression of cholinergic postsynaptic events and activities of their subunits, the elementary events; and teratology; trophic phenomena; and the clinical aspects of the cholinergic system. This review refers to the history as well as the present status of each of these phenomena; furthermore, it describes briefly the nineteenth-century work with calabar bean, pilocarpine, muscarine, and nicotine, that is, the work performed before the promulgation of the cholinergic era.[ Neuropsychopharmacology 9:181-199, 1993J included the frrst descriptions of the trophic phenomena, the quantal nature of the biological events, the recep tors and their chemical structure, the role of a trans mittive system in arousal and memory, and so on. So, it is appropriate to sketch at this time the history and the present status of the vertebrate cholinergic studies.

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