“…In 1998, Pecora and Carroll initiated a master stability function approach to further investigate the complete synchronization in coupled identical oscillators [Pecora & Carroll, 1998]. Following this line, there are numerous results reported on the synchronization of coupled oscillators and complex networks [Arenas et al, 2008;Barahona & Pecora, 2002;Jovic, 2011;Park & Huang, 2007;Pikovsky et al, 2001;Wu, 2007]. In fact, the main idea of this approach is to transform the network synchronization problem into whether all the characteristic modes fall into the synchronized region, which is further determined by the master stability functions of coupled oscillators in complex networks.…”