Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy for the Detection and Characterization of Cervical Cancers In Vitro

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic potential of synchronous fluorescence (SF) spectroscopy (SFS) technique for the detection and characterization of normal and different malignancy stages of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (MDSCC), poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC) cervical tissues. SF spectra were measured from 45 biopsies from 30 patients in vitro. Characteristic, highly resolved peaks and significant spectral differences between normal and MDSCC, PDSCC cervical tissues were obtained. Nine potential ratios were calculated and used as input variables for a discriminant analysis across different groups. The potentiality of the SFS technique was estimated by two discriminant analyses. Discriminant analysis I performed across normal and abnormal (including MDSCC and PDSCC) cervical tissues classified as 100% both original and the cross-validated grouped cases. In discriminant analysis II performed across the three groups, normal, MDSCC and PDSCC, 100% of both original and the cross-validated grouped cases were correctly classified. Using the SFS technique, one can obtain all the key biochemical markers such as tryptophan, collagen, hemoglobin, reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide in a single scan and hence they can be targeted as tumor markers in the detection of normal from abnormal cervical tissues.

A technique for correction of attenuations in synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy

“…Selection of optimum wavelength offset and quality of SF signal in case of multiple fluorophores depend upon two parameters, namely resolution and magnitude [23,25]. On the basis of these two parameters smaller wavelength offsets are selected as optimum offset to study behavior of multiple components in biological samples [17,18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][28][29][30]. It is observed that our technique works efficiently for lower offsets for a wide-range of concentrations of scatterers and absorbers compared to larger one, consistent with the offsets reported in literature [17,18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][28][29][30].…”

“…Peuravuori et al used synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy for differentiating different humic-solute aggregates from water sample [16]. In recent years, it has been applied in cancer diagnosis [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Diagaradjane et al explored the potential of this technique to discriminate the sequential tissue transformation in DMBA-TPA induced tumor model in mouse skin [30].…”

Time-Resolved Synchronous Fluorescence for Biomedical Diagnosis

“…The SF method has found numerous applications in spectral analysis of complex samples, e.g., in environmental protection [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], food science [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], biological assays [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], and medical diagnosis [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. In our laboratory, the SF method has been the basis for development of various instruments, including a portable field monitor [ 10 ] and an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) system [ 11 ].…”

“…Data from total synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy measurements of normal and malignant breast tissue samples were introduced in supervised self-organizing maps, a type of artificial neural network, to obtain diagnosis [ 30 ]. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy was used for the detection and characterization of cervical cancers in vitro [ 31 ]. The SF technique has been applied on a variety types of skin tissue to show its narrow-band features and selectivity for in vivo analysis [ 44 ], and has been applied to both in vitro and in vivo imaging for cancer detection and diagnostics [ 30 , 31 , 41 , 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Influence of hydrogen peroxide or gold nanoparticles in protoporphyrin IX mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on Staphylococcus aureus

“…Steady state fluorescence spectral characteristics of tryptophan from the treated and un treated S. aureus was recorded using spectrofluorometer (FluoroMax-2, ISA Jobin Yvon-Spex, Edison, NJ) as reported by Ebenezar et al (2010). The excitation source (150 W ozone-free xenon arc lamp) coupled to the excitation monochromator to obtain the light of a desired wavelength and the fluorescence emission was collected using the emission monochromator connected to a photomultiplier tube (R928P, Hamamatzu, Shizuoka-Ken, Japan).…”