Syncope in Children and Adolescents

Kanjwal, Khalil; Calkins, Hugh

doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2015.04.008

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…617 Neurally mediated syncope accounts for 75% of pediatric syncope, followed by psychogenic or unexplained syncope in 8% to 15% of cases. 623 Breath-holding spells are a form of syncope unique to the pediatric population. Cyanotic breath-holding spells typically occur from age 6 months to age 5 years and may be due to desaturation caused by forced expiration during crying.…”

Section: Pediatric Syncope: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society

Sheldon²,

et al. 2017

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Section: Pediatric Syncope: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society

Sheldon²,

et al. 2017

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“…We assume that the contribution of both preload and afterload varies among individuals and therefore we did not found statistically significant correlations between a change in PEP (ΔPEP) and ΔTFC or ΔSVR related to orthostasis in the whole analyzed group. The decreased strength of ventricular contraction (expressed also by a decreased MBP) together with an increased SVR (peripheral vasocontriction) leads to a decreased CO potentially resulting in an orthostatic syncope in susceptible persons, if compensatory mechanisms fail (Critchley et al 1997, Brignole et al 2001, Kanjwal et al 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preejection Period as a Sympathetic Activity Index: a Role of Confounding Factors

Krohová

Czippelová²,

Turianiková³

et al. 2017

Physiol Res

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In previous studies, one of the systolic time intervals – preejection period (PEP) – was used as an index of sympathetic activity reflecting the cardiac contractility. However, PEP could be also influenced by several other cardiovascular variables including preload, afterload and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The aim of this study was to assess the behavior of the PEP together with other potentially confounding cardiovascular system characteristics in healthy humans during mental and orthostatic stress (head-up tilt test – HUT). Forty-nine healthy volunteers (28 females, 21 males, mean age 18.6 years (SD=1.8 years)) participated in the study. We recorded finger arterial blood pressure by volume-clamp method (Finometer Pro, FMS, Netherlands), PEP, thoracic fluid content (TFC) – a measure of preload, and cardiac output (CO) by impedance cardiography (CardioScreen® 2000, Medis, Germany). Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) – a measure of afterload – was calculated as a ratio of mean arterial pressure and CO. We observed that during HUT, an expected decrease in TFC was accompanied by an increase of PEP, an increase of SVR and no significant change in DBP. During mental stress, we observed a decrease of PEP and an increase of TFC, SVR and DBP. Correlating a change in assessed measures (delta values) between mental stress and previous supine rest, we found that ΔPEP correlated negatively with ΔCO and positively with ΔSVR. In orthostasis, no significant correlation between ΔPEP and ΔDBP, ΔTFC, ΔCO, ΔMBP or ΔSVR was found. We conclude that despite an expected increase of sympathetic activity during both challenges, PEP behaved differently indicating an effect of other confounding factors. To interpret PEP values properly, we recommend simultaneously to measure other variables influencing this cardiovascular measure.

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“…In addition, the middle age groups had more male than female. Although the cause of difference in gender has not been clarified, a population‐based study reported that syncope occurred more commonly in girls …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dangerous noodle: A case of swallowing syncope and a review of 122 cases from the literature

Uraguchi¹,

Kariya

Makihara³

et al. 2018

Journal of Arrhythmia

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Swallowing syncope is a rare medical condition. Even though it has been known as a neurally mediated syncope, the definitive mechanism of this condition remains unclear. We show in this study an additional case of swallowing syncope and review the 122 reported cases from the literature. A 47‐year‐old Japanese man had been suffering from recurrent syncopal attacks, when he fainted immediately after swallowing. Holter electrocardiogram monitoring demonstrated a sinus pause (maximum R‐R interval of 3.8 seconds) after he swallowed a noodle quickly. A permanent pacemaker was implanted because the frequency of syncope increased.

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Syncope in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 41 publications

References 90 publications

2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society

2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society

Preejection Period as a Sympathetic Activity Index: a Role of Confounding Factors

Dangerous noodle: A case of swallowing syncope and a review of 122 cases from the literature

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