Syncytiotrophoblastic localization of the human growth hormone variant mRNA in the placenta

Scippo, Marie‐Louise; Frankenne, Françis; Hooghe‐Peters, Elisabeth L.; Igout, Ahmed; Velkeniers, Brigitte; Hennen, Georges

doi:10.1016/0303-7207(93)90019-g

Cited by 67 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In primates, placental GH-like proteins largely result from expression of the hGH-V gene, which is at least 92% homologous to the hGH-N gene. GH-V gene expression is largely restricted to the synctiotrophoblast layer of the placenta by proteins that are almost ubiquitous in other tissues and function to repress the hGH-V promoter (Scippo et al 1993, Alsat et al 1998. The hGH-V gene may, however, be weakly expressed in normal and tumorous pituitary glands (Scippo et al 1991, Nickel & Cattini 1992) and the pituitary GH gene appears to be minimally expressed in human placental tissues (Lacroix et al 1996).…”

Section: The Placental Mini-hypophysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone: roles in female reproduction

Hull¹,

Harvey²

2001

Journal of Endocrinology

196

124

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GH, as its name suggests, is obligatory for growth and development. It is, however, also involved in the processes of sexual differentiation and pubertal maturation and it participates in gonadal steroidogenesis, gametogenesis and ovulation. It also has additional roles in pregnancy and lactation. These actions may reflect direct endocrine actions of pituitary GH or be mediated by its induction of hepatic or local IGF-I production. However, as GH is also produced in gonadal, placental and mammary tissues, it may act in paracrine or autocrine ways to regulate local processes that are strategically regulated by pituitary GH. The concept that GH is an important modulator of female reproduction is the focus of this review.

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Section: The Placental Mini-hypophysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone: roles in female reproduction

Hull¹,

Harvey²

2001

Journal of Endocrinology

196

124

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“…The presence of this hormone in the syncytiotrophoblast was confirmed with immunohistochemical methods [6]. Besides, with molecular methods GH-V gene expression was shown in the placenta, and no expression of the GH-N gene, responsible for GH1 production, was demonstrated [7,11,12]. Moreover, the presence of PGH receptors was detected in the placenta, and this suggests a direct influence of PGH on placenta function through auto-and paracrine mechanisms, …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…It seems that the foetal pituitary gland does not play an important role in those compensation processes. No GH-V gene expression was noted in the pituitary gland, and no GH-N gene transcript was detected in the placenta [2,7,11,16,17]. Furthermore, the median value of GH1 concentrations was similar in large and small neonates and also in full-term and prematurely born infants (Table I and II).…”

Section: Prace Oryginalnementioning

confidence: 93%

“…It shows a high level of homology to the pituitary growth hormone, being different in terms of 13 amino acids and N-glycosylation sites. This protein is synthesised and secreted by a syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous cytotrophoblast [2,6,7]. In their detailed review, Fuglsang and Ovesen [2] show that PGH seems to be only a maternal phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Placental growth hormone, pituitary growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, and ghrelin in umbilical cord blood serum and amniotic fluid

Kędzia¹,

Petriczko²,

Tarka³

2013

Endokrynologia Polska

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“…P lacental growth hormone (PGH) is synthesized in and secreted from the human placental syncytiotrophoblast (1) into the maternal circulation in a nonpulsatile manner, detectable in the maternal circulation from gestational week 5, and gradually increases in concentration throughout pregnancy. It has a short half-life and is undetectable 3 h after parturition (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Placental Growth Hormone Secretion in a Human Trophoblast Model—The Effects of Hormones and Adipokines

et al. 2008

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Placental growth hormone (PGH) is secreted from the human placental syncytiotrophoblast into the maternal circulation. PGH levels in pregnant women correlate with the birth weight of their offspring. We hypothesized that metabolic regulators may alter PGH secretion. BeWo cells as human trophoblast models were treated for 24, 48, and 72 h with insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, cortisol, ghrelin, leptin and visfatin. P lacental growth hormone (PGH) is synthesized in and secreted from the human placental syncytiotrophoblast (1) into the maternal circulation in a nonpulsatile manner, detectable in the maternal circulation from gestational week 5, and gradually increases in concentration throughout pregnancy. It has a short half-life and is undetectable 3 h after parturition (2). It is only found in the maternal, but not fetal circulation. Its maternal levels rise profoundly between weeks 20 and 30 of gestation, thus progressively replacing pituitary growth hormone in the human maternal circulation from midgestation onward (3-5). PGH has somatotropic effects, acting on liver and adipose tissue to influence gluconeogenesis and lipolysis to help ensure an adequate nutrient supply for the fetoplacental unit (6).Previously, our group and others have shown a positive correlation between PGH levels in pregnant women and the birth weight of their offspring, stimulating discussions about its possible impact on fetal growth (2,7). Understanding the regulation of fetal growth is important. According to the "Fetal Origins of Disease" hypothesis, it is well recognized that Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and features of the metabolic syndrome are associated with birth weights at the extreme of the growth continuum (either small or large for gestational age) (8). The physiologic role of PGH in pregnancy is not completely understood, but its continuous secretion at high levels during pregnancy sparked speculation that it may be an important placental hormone affecting both mother and, indirectly, fetus (9). In vivo experiments have demonstrated that growth hormone, when infused into pregnant ewes late in gestation, can increase fetal growth (10). Transgenic mice overexpressing the human PGH gene become larger than their normal littermates and are hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant (11). The relationship between fetal growth and PGH raises the possibility that PGH could be involved in the development of insulin resistance in pregnancy and might play an important role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes (12,13).The regulation of PGH secretion is very different from that of pituitary growth hormone (GH) as growth-hormone-releasing hormone does not modulate PGH in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that alterations in maternal nutrient (glucose) availability may alter PGH secretion (14). However, two decades have passed since the discovery of PGH, and still little is known about the regulation of its secretion.We hypothesized that PGH secretion is regul...

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Syncytiotrophoblastic localization of the human growth hormone variant mRNA in the placenta

Cited by 67 publications

References 21 publications

Growth hormone: roles in female reproduction

Growth hormone: roles in female reproduction

Placental growth hormone, pituitary growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, and ghrelin in umbilical cord blood serum and amniotic fluid

Regulation of Placental Growth Hormone Secretion in a Human Trophoblast Model—The Effects of Hormones and Adipokines

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