The alkaline–surfactant–polymer
(ASP) enhanced oil
recovery (EOR) is a promising tertiary oil recovery technique for
maximizing oil production. However, strong alkaline (e.g., NaOH) or
high concentration of an alkali may cause new problems, such as formation
erosion, alkali deposition, and high production costs. In this study,
a new EOR method was proposed by combining a traditional weak alkaline
(Na2CO3) ASP flooding and nanotechnology. We
investigated the synergistic effects of weak alkaline ASP chemicals
and SiO2 nanoparticles on the EOR through comprehensive
experiments. The efficacy of the mixtures was examined using a framework
including interfacial tension and wettability characterizations, flow
visualization experiments of emulsion, and oil recovery tests under
reservoir temperature conditions. Moreover, the effects of weak alkaline
ASP chemicals and SiO2 nanoparticles on interfacial properties
and the EOR were carefully investigated by a comprehensive analysis.
The experimental results show that the ASP + SiO2 nanoparticles
mixture has a greater ability to reduce the interfacial tension (IFT)
between oil and water as well as their contact angle, compared with
a hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)/ASP-only solution. The ASP + SiO2 nanoparticles mixture is better than the HPAM/ASP-only solution
in profile control and displacement efficiency after water flooding.
The SiO2 NPs/ASP mixture increases the oil recovery by
6.67% of original oil in place (OOIP), compared to the ASP-only solution.
In visualization flooding experiments, the ASP + SiO2 nanoparticles
mixture forms strong viscoelastic, thermodynamic, and kinetic stability
of the droplets, thereby resulting in a larger sweep efficiency and
better displacement efficiency by the stable blocking effects and
strong scratch effect. It indicates that this new method can enhance
oil recovery, have potential to reduce chemical agent cost, and avoid
probable formation erosion and alkali deposition.