Synergetic effects of Cu/TiO₂ sensitized with different cyanine dyes on hydrogen evolution

Abstract

Cyanine dye derivative-sensitized Cu/TiO2 was prepared, characterized and investigated in hydrogen production.

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over cyanine-sensitized Ag/TiO2

“…Alternatively, penta methine cyanine dye 5 (ref. 8 ) resulted in the excellent synthesis of pentamethine cyanine dye 6 through reaction with 4-chlorobenzaldehyde in basic medium in the presence of N , N -dimethylformamide as the solvent and sodium hydride as the base for 5 h under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen gas. The structure 6 of was elucidated based on its correct analytical and spectral data.…”

“…Based on previous studies and the introduction, our aim was to prepare a new series of photosensitive cyanine dyes that exhibit distinct and fruitful application effects in the field of renewable energy and can used as photocatalysts in energy applications (all 1 H-NMR and IR spectra are displayed in S1(a–h)) †. Firstly, 3-(( Z )-2-(( E )-2-(2-chloro-3-(( E )-2-phenyl-2-(1-(3-sulfonatopropyl)pyridin-1-ium-2-yl)vinyl) cyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)-1-phenylethylidene)pyridin-1(2 H )-yl)propane-1-sulfonate ( 1 ) 8 was reacted with ( E )-4-((4-aminophenyl)diazinyl)- N , N -dimethylaniline ( 2 ) in basic medium in the presence of N , N -dimethylformamide as a solvent and sodium hydroxide pellets for 5 h under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen gas to remove air bubbles from the reaction media and protect the reaction from air, giving excellent yield of the target compound 3 . The poly-conjugated system of polymethine cyanine dye 3 was confirmed by IR spectroscopy, which showed a strong absorption band at = 3450 cm −1 related to the NH group and absence of an absorption band at = 3443–3449 cm −1 owing to two halves of NH 2 group.…”

“…Consequently, ultrasound radiation combined with the photocatalysis process (sonophotocatalysis) promotes H 2 production. 45,46 In our previous work, 47 it was proven that the effect of sonophotocatalysis of dye-sensitized Cu–TiO 2 with a high absorption efficiency in the visible region for H 2 evolution was greater than via only photocatalysis by 7 times.…”

“…This is important for many vital applications. One of the most important types of compounds are cyanine dyes, [8][9][10][11] which have positive effects on photocatalytic activity (Fig. 1).…”

Cubic Cuprous Oxide-Based Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

“…Controllable fabrication of functional nanostructures is an efficient way to increase photoproduced electron transfer and the photocatalytic activity of the materials. − The photocatalytic heterojunctions of π-electron organics as a light absorber on inorganic oxides, such as Cu/TiO 2 modified with π-electron organics cyanine, showed a positive effect on the photocatalytic activity because of enhanced light absorption . As an important dye molecule, porphyrins are regarded as excellent photoactive candidates, and electron and energy transfer are more efficient based on their highly conjugated and modifiable structure .…”