Synergism in binary mixtures of surfactants

Rosen, Milton J.; Gu, Bingluo; Murphy, Dennis S.; Zhu, Zhen Huo

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(89)90460-8

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Also, because the calculations themselves depend on surface tensions or concentration ratios at given surface tensions below the CMC, there is no straight forward way to extend this approach for treating multiple components. They have subsequently modified and extended the method for treating synergism in surface tension behavior at other interfaces (122,142,156).…”

Section: Approaches To Modeling Surfactant Mixtures Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Surfactant Systems

Holland¹,

Rubingh

1992

Mixed Surfactant Systems

253

329

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The properties and behavior of mixed surfactant systems are discussed in the context of experimental techniques and modeling. The overview begins with a general description of mixed surfactant solutions, followed by a more detailed examination of mixed micelles, surfactant mixtures at interfaces, and the phase behavior of mixed systems. Topics include experimental measurements, approaches to modeling, nonideality, unusual surfactant types, micellar demixing, adsorption at various interfaces, chemical reactions in micelles, precipitation, cloud point phenomena and perspectives on the direction of future research on mixed surfactant systems.Mixed surfactant systems are encountered in nearly all practical applications of surfactants. These mixtures arise from several sources. First is the natural polydispersity of commercial surfactants which results from impurities in starting materials and variability in reaction products during their manufacture. These are less expensive to produce than isomerically pure surfactants and often provide better performance. Second is the deliberate formulation of mixtures of different surfactant types to exploit synergistic behavior in mixed systems or to provide qualitatively different types of performance in a single formulation (e.g. cleaning plus fabric softening). Finally, practical formulations often require the addition of surfactant additives to help control the physical properties of the product or improve its stability.

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Section: Approaches To Modeling Surfactant Mixtures Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Surfactant Systems

Holland¹,

Rubingh

1992

Mixed Surfactant Systems

253

329

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“…Maximum surface excess concentrations (['max in mol cm-2) and minimum areas per surfactant molecule (A~ in nm2), at water/air interface, were calculated from the surface tension data by the following equations: Fm~x = -Sm~/2.303RT [1] Ami n = 1014/N[-raax [2] where Sm~x is the slope of the surface tension vs log concentration plots at 20 ~ ( Fig. 1), R --8.314Jmol-lK-q and N is Avogardo's number (8). The calculated data are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonionic surfactants have many advantages as detergents, emulsifiers, and for chemical studies, because they indeed do not ionize in aqueous solution. Several types of non-polymer nonionic surfactants are known, such as sulfoxides, amine oxides, ethylene oxides, alcohols, and pyrrolidones (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Studies on a few ionic surfactants with two hydrophilic groups at both termini of hydrophobic group have been reported (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

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confidence: 99%

Surfactant property of linear alkanes with two pyrrolidone moieties in both termini

Takata

Atobe

Kitamura

et al. 1990

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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739Linear alkanes with two pyrrolidone groups in both termini [abbreviation: 1,n-dipyrrolidonyl alkane (1,n-DPA} in --3, 5, 9, and 12}] were synthesized. Their surface activities were evaluated in terms of surface tension, and compared with those of a few kinds of surfactants. Among 1,n-DPAs, 1,3-, 1,5-, and 1,9-DPAs were fully soluble in water and surface-active: especially 1,9-DPA showed a surface tension value of yW/A 32.8 mN/m at 5.9 X 10 -2 mol/L or 1.7 wt% and was suggested as a nonionic surfactant with simple structure and moderate activity. Critical miceller concentration (CMC} of 1,9-DPA was 1.45 X 10 -2 mol/L. Surface tension values of 1,5-and 1,9-DPAs were lower than those of the corresponding monofunctional pyrrolidones, N-propyl and N-pentylpyrrolidones. Minimum area per surfactant molecule (Amint decreased with increase of methylene chain length in the series of 1,n-DPAs. The results suggested that 1,n-DPA favorably chooses a loop structure at air/water interface.KEY WORDS: Bifunctional pyrrolidone, 1,n-dipyrrolidonyl alkane, nonionic surfactant, surface tension.

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“…Additionally in our system the pyrrolidinone group of the PVP is from its chemical structure a resonance hybrid of the nonionic and zwitterionic forms. Rosen et al (20)(21)(22) show that the corresponding surfactant interacts with anionic surfactants in a manner similar to that of amine oxides by accepting a proton to form an anion-cation salt. The pyrrolidinone group of PVP should form also in a limited way such cationic groups at the interface.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 94%