“…Among these, the Hexane fraction showed the strongest antibacterial activity with the MICs range of 64 to 512 μg/mL, followed by the EtoAc fraction, suggesting that an antibacterial substance against the pathogens will abundantly present in the Hexane-soluble fraction. In contrary to other reports that the strongest antibacterial activity of marine algae extracts observed in EtOAc fraction, the Hexane-soluble fraction in I. okamurae extracts exhibited superior antibacterial activity against cutaneous pathogens (Lee et al 2014;Kim et al 2016;Kim et al 2017a).…”
Background: Cutaneous bacterial pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Propionibacterium acnes are often involved in acne vulgaris. The currently available therapeutic option for these skin pathogens is an antibiotic treatment, resulting in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to discover an alternative antibacterial agent with lower side effect from marine algae. Results: The ethanolic extract of edible brown algae Ishige okamurae exhibits potent antibacterial activity against cutaneous bacterial pathogens. Among the ethanol soluble fractions, the n-hexane (Hexane)-soluble fraction exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against the pathogens with MIC values ranging 64 to 512 μg/mL and with minimum bactericidal concentration values ranging 256 to 2048 μg/mL. Furthermore, the combination with Hexane fraction and antibiotics (ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and meropenem) exhibited synergistic effect. Conclusion: This study revealed that the I. okamurae extract exhibited a synergistic antibacterial effect against acnerelated cutaneous bacterial pathogens acquired antibiotic resistant. Thus, the results of the present study suggested that the edible seaweed extract will be a promising antibacterial therapeutic agent against antibiotic-human skin pathogens and its infections.
“…Among these, the Hexane fraction showed the strongest antibacterial activity with the MICs range of 64 to 512 μg/mL, followed by the EtoAc fraction, suggesting that an antibacterial substance against the pathogens will abundantly present in the Hexane-soluble fraction. In contrary to other reports that the strongest antibacterial activity of marine algae extracts observed in EtOAc fraction, the Hexane-soluble fraction in I. okamurae extracts exhibited superior antibacterial activity against cutaneous pathogens (Lee et al 2014;Kim et al 2016;Kim et al 2017a).…”
Background: Cutaneous bacterial pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Propionibacterium acnes are often involved in acne vulgaris. The currently available therapeutic option for these skin pathogens is an antibiotic treatment, resulting in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to discover an alternative antibacterial agent with lower side effect from marine algae. Results: The ethanolic extract of edible brown algae Ishige okamurae exhibits potent antibacterial activity against cutaneous bacterial pathogens. Among the ethanol soluble fractions, the n-hexane (Hexane)-soluble fraction exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against the pathogens with MIC values ranging 64 to 512 μg/mL and with minimum bactericidal concentration values ranging 256 to 2048 μg/mL. Furthermore, the combination with Hexane fraction and antibiotics (ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and meropenem) exhibited synergistic effect. Conclusion: This study revealed that the I. okamurae extract exhibited a synergistic antibacterial effect against acnerelated cutaneous bacterial pathogens acquired antibiotic resistant. Thus, the results of the present study suggested that the edible seaweed extract will be a promising antibacterial therapeutic agent against antibiotic-human skin pathogens and its infections.
“…Also, it has been previously reported that phlorotannins of an edible brown seaweed Eisenia bicyclis exhibited a synergistic antibacterial effect with the FIC indices ranging from 0.502 to 1.000 against antibiotic resistant P. acnes strains in combination with the antibiotics used in this study [5]. Kim et al [33] reported that a synergy effect between an edible brown algae (Sargassum serratifolium) extract and the antibiotics with the median ∑FIC indices from 0.270 to 0.550 against P. acnes strains. Compared with these results, it was clear that CCA showed comparably strong synergistic antibacterial effect against antibiotic resistant acne-related bacteria in combination with the antibiotics.…”
Section: Synergistic Antibacterial Effect Between Cca and Antibioticssupporting
Abstract:The object of this study was to discover an alternative therapeutic agent with fewer side effects against acne vulgaris, which is one of the most common skin diseases. Acne vulgaris often associates with acne-related bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, some of which exhibit a resistant against commercial antibiotics used in the treatment of acne vulgaris (tetracycline, erythromycin, and lincomycin). In the current study, we evaluated in vitro antibacterial activity of chitosanphytochemical conjugates against acne-related bacteria. Three of chitosan-phytochemical conjugates used in this study showed stronger antibacterial activity than that of chitosan (unmodified control). Chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against acne-related bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 8 μg/mL to 256 μg/mL. In addition, the MICs of antibiotics against antibiotic resistant P. acnes and P. aeruginosa strains were dramatically reduced in the combination with CCA, suggesting that CCA would restore the antibacterial activity of the antibiotics. The analysis of fractional inhibitory concentration indices clearly revealed a synergistic antibacterial effect between CCA and the antibiotics. Thus, the median ∑FIC values against the antibiotic resistant bacterial strains were ranged from 0.375 to 0.533 in the combination mode of CCA and antibiotics.
“…tetracycline (Gollnick et al, 2003;Han et al, 2010;Ravenscroft, 2005). , P. acnes , , 2 (Eom et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2016;Nam et al, 2003;Tan, 2003). , (Eom et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2014a , (Kim et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2014b;Poquet et al, 2008).…”
Propionibacterium acnes infection in skin tissue often causes acne vulgaris, commonly characterized by inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules. Chitosan and its derivatives possess strong anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan-phytochemical conjugates on P. acnes-infected human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) was evaluated. We designed a model of P. acnes-induced inflammation in viable HaCaT cells. Nitric oxide (NO), an inflammatory marker, was successfully elevated by P. acnes infection in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the levels of NO were reduced by treatment with chitosan-phytochemical conjugates (chitosancaffeic acid, -ferulic acid and -sinapic acid) in a dose-dependent manner. Among these conjugates, chitosan-caffeic acid exhibited the strongest NO suppression in HaCaT cells infected with P. acnes. The results obtained in this study suggest that chitosan-phytochemical conjugates could be used as a potential therapeutic agent against acne vulgaris.
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