Synergistic attraction of pine sawyer Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to monochamol and α‐pinene

Abstract

Monochamus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) species are longhorn pine sawyers that serve as insect vectors of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), which are responsible for debilitating pine wilt disease. An aggregation pheromone, 2‐(1‐undecyloxy)‐1‐ethanol (hereafter referred to as monochamol), was shown to be effective at attracting Monochamus species. However, attraction of the pine sawyers to aggregation pheromones varied depending on semiochemicals, including host plant volatiles and kairomones. In this study, we investigated the abilities of monochamol and the host‐plant volatiles α‐pinene and ethanol to attract M. saltuarius in a pine forest in Cheongsong, Gyeongsangbuk‐do, Korea. A total of 91 M. saltuarius (28 males and 63 females) were captured. The combination of monochamol (700 mg) with α‐pinene and ethanol exhibited a synergistic effect on attracting M. saltuarius (11.0 beetles per trap), whereas monochamol alone and a mixture of α‐pinene and ethanol resulted in the capture of 3.2 beetles and 3.6 beetles per trap, respectively. Our results suggest that multi‐funnel traps baited with a blend of monochamol, α‐pinene and ethanol are highly effective for monitoring M. saltuarius and M. alternatus in pine forests.

Effects of C10‐ and C12‐chain length alkyl analogs of monochamol on attraction of longhorn pine sawyer Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

“…; Lee et al . ). The effects of the C12 analog were evaluated with an untreated control, host plant volatiles (α‐pinene and ethanol), and a mixture of the C12 analog with host plant volatiles.…”

“…; Lee et al . , ). It is possible that the presence of adult males in the trap is caused by their attraction to female adults that were already trapped.…”

“…; Lee et al . ). The chemical structure of the C10 and C12 analogs were confirmed by comparison of the 1 H NMR spectra recorded on a Bruker Advance 300 MHz spectrometer (data not shown).…”

“…The C10 and C12 analogs of monochamol were synthesized using 1-bromodecane and 1-bromododecane, respectively, with 2-(benzyloxy) ethanol as starting materials as described for the synthesis of monochamol in our previous studies (Lee et al 2015;Lee et al 2017b). The chemical structure of the C10 and C12 analogs were confirmed by comparison of the 1 H NMR spectra recorded on a Bruker Advance 300 MHz spectrometer (data not shown).…”

“…The attraction of M. saltuarius to monochamol varies depending on the use of host plant volatiles and pheromones of bark beetles. Monochamol has been shown to effectively attract M. saltuarius when applied alone (Ryall et al 2015) or in combination with α-pinene and ethanol (Lee et al 2017a;Lee et al 2017b), and with ipsenol (Kim et al 2016).…”