Synergistic effect between bioactive glass foam and a perfusion bioreactor on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells

Abstract

Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary science that combines a structural scaffold and cells to form a construct able to promote regeneration of injured tissue. Bioactive glass foam produced by sol-gel is an osteoinductive material with a network of interconnected macropores necessary for cell colonization. The use of human adipose-derived stem cell (hASC) presents advantages as the potential for a large number of cells, rapid expansion in vitro and the capability of differentiating into osteoblasts. The use of a bioreactor in three-dimensional cell culture enables greater efficiency for cell nutrition and application of mechanical forces, important modulators of bone physiology. The hASC seeded in a bioactive glass scaffold and cultured in osteogenic Leibovitz L-15 medium in a bioreactor with a flow rate of 0.1 mL min(-1) demonstrated a significant increase in cell proliferation and viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity peak after 14 days. The immunofluorescence assay revealed an expression of osteopontin, osteocalcin and type I collagen from 7 to 21 days after culture. The cells changed from a spindle shape to a cuboidal morphology characteristic of osteoblasts. The polymerase chain reaction assay confirmed that osteopontin, osteocalcin, and ALP genes were expressed. These results indicate that hASCs differentiated into an osteogenic phenotype when cultured in bioactive glass scaffold, osteogenic Leibovitz L-15 medium and a perfusion bioreactor. Therefore, these results highlight the synergism between a bioactive glass scaffold and the effect of perfusion on cells and indicate the differentiation into an osteogenic phenotype.

Osteogenic differentiation of umbilical cord and adipose derived stem cells onto highly porous 45S5 Bioglass®‐based scaffolds

“…Indeed bmMSC cultured on different porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds (total porosity in vol%: 37, 44, and 90) for 17 days have shown an increase of osteogenic differentiation with an increase of porosity . Related studies have been carried out recently on scaffolds based on bioactive glass‐polycaprolactone composites produced by robotic dispensing technique which were seeded with adMSC . After 4 weeks of dynamic perfusion, differentiation of the cells was confirmed by alkaline phosphate expression.…”

“…39 Related studies have been carried out recently on scaffolds based on bioactive glass-polycaprolactone composites produced by robotic dispensing technique which were seeded with adMSC. 40 After 4 weeks of dynamic perfusion, differentiation of the cells was confirmed by alkaline phosphate expression.…”

The Use of Adipose Tissue-Derived Progenitors in Bone Tissue Engineering - a Review

“…Recently, Silva and colleagues [34] demonstrated that human ADSCs differentiate towards the osteogenic phenotype when cultured in a bioactive glass scaffold as indicated by significant increase in cell proliferation and viability, along with increased ALP activity and the expression of osteospecific proteins such as osteocalcin and osteopontin. One of the major limitations of such cellular growth on scaffolds is the lack of angiogenesis.…”

Survey of Current and Prospective Approaches in Bone Grafting Technology

“…The major substrates are hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, and biphasic calcium phosphate [26]. While capable of inducing osteoblastic differentiation in-vitro, they are typically too brittle and resorb too slowly to be practical for bone grafting applications [27].…”