Synergistic effect of allophane with intumescent flame retardants on thermal behavior and fire retardancy of polypropylene

Su, Xin; Li, Dongyan; Tao, Jie; Dai, Qiwei

doi:10.1007/s00289-015-1391-7

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the case of cellulose-based fibers, their thermal decomposition proceeds according to various mechanisms, and begins with the release of moisture An interesting group of compounds that can be used as flame retardants and introduced into the polymer in small amounts are nanomaterials: nanoclay (e.g., montmorillonite, sepiolite, and other layered materials), metal oxides, organic nanoparticles, carbon compounds (fullerenes [43][44][45], carbon tubes [46][47][48][49], and expandable graphite [50][51][52][53]) and silsesquioxane [54][55][56][57]. Aluminum silicates with nanotubes structure are also effective, e.g., halloysite [58][59][60] and imogolite [61,62]. Layered nanomaterials with a developed specific surface area, especially after their exfoliation in a polymer, constitute a barrier for both oxygen and gases released during combustion and contribute to the formation of an insulating layer of a char on the polymer surface.…”

Section: Flame Retardancy Of Natural Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardancy of Biobased Composites—Research Development

Sienkiewicz

Czub

2020

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the thermal and fire sensitivity of polymer bio-composite materials, especially in the case of plant-based fillers applied for them, next to intensive research on the better mechanical performance of composites, it is extremely important to improve their reaction to fire. This is necessary due to the current widespread practical use of bio-based composites. The first part of this work relates to an overview of the most commonly used techniques and different approaches towards the increasing the fire resistance of petrochemical-based polymeric materials. The next few sections present commonly used methods of reducing the flammability of polymers and characterize the most frequently used compounds. It is highlighted that despite adverse health effects in animals and humans, some of mentioned fire retardants (such as halogenated organic derivatives e.g., hexabromocyclododecane, polybrominated diphenyl ether) are unfortunately also still in use, even for bio-composite materials. The most recent studies related to the development of the flame retardation of polymeric materials are then summarized. Particular attention is paid to the issue of flame retardation of bio-based polymer composites and the specifics of reducing the flammability of these materials. Strategies for retarding composites are discussed on examples of particular bio-polymers (such as: polylactide, polyhydroxyalkanoates or polyamide-11), as well as polymers obtained on the basis of natural raw materials (e.g., bio-based polyurethanes or bio-based epoxies). The advantages and disadvantages of these strategies, as well as the flame retardants used in them, are highlighted.

show abstract

Section: Flame Retardancy Of Natural Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardancy of Biobased Composites—Research Development

Sienkiewicz

Czub

2020

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These IFR are an effective solution for solving the problem of the poor flame-retardant performance of polymers. [20] For a further improvement of the flame-retardant properties of LLDPE composites, the synergistic effect of novel IFR and zinc borate (ZB) can be considered. Recently, ZB has attracted wide research attention in applications including as a polymer flame retardant additive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect of intumescent flame retardant and zinc borate on linear low‐density polyethylene

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2021

Polymer Engineering & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A series of novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) based on melamine, neopentyl glycol, and aluminum diethylphosphinate were prepared and tested.In addition, the synergistic effect of the novel IFR and zinc borate (ZB) on the flame retardancy of LLDPE composites was investigated. The structures of novel IFR and ZB were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased from 19.3% for the pure LLDPE to 27% for the 25 wt% IFR/5 wt% ZB composites and the composites achieved the desired V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the addition of IFR/ZB reduced the pyrolysis rate of the LLDPE composites at high temperatures and increased the amount of the char residues, and the char residue of LLDPE-5 reached 12.1 wt% at 700 C. Cone calorimetry (CCT) data showed that the peak of total heat release, heat release rate, and fire growth index were comparatively reduced, indicating that the addition of IFR/ZB decreased the fire hazard of LLDPE composites. The formation of a compact and thermally stable char layer on the surfaces of LLDPE composites was revealed from the scanning electrone microscopy images and digital photographs of the char residue after the CCT tests.

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, pure RP shows several drawbacks, such as thermal instability, strong moisture absorption, and reddish-brown color, which restrict its extensive commercial applications. 19 The encapsulation and the use of masterbatches are successfully established to eliminate problems of handling safety and stability. RP has amorphous inorganic macromolecular structure and mainly depends on the condensed phase process including liquid acid (metaphosphoric acid, phosphoric acid, and polyphosphoric acid) films covering the surface of burning materials, as well as acid-promoted dehydration accelerating the formation of a consolidated char layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of red phosphorus masterbatch with expandable graphite on the flammability and thermal stability of polypropylene/thermoplastic polyurethane blends

Wang

et al. 2019

Polymers and Polymer Composites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The flammability characterization and synergistic effects of red phosphorus masterbatch (RPM) with expandable graphite (EG) in flame-retardant polypropylene (PP)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites are investigated by limiting oxygen index, UL-94 testing, cone calorimeter tests, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the flame retardancy of PP/TPU/EG/RPM composites is greatly influenced by RPM. The synergistic effects between RPM and EG take place in the flame-retardant composites. The presence of RPM with EG decreases significantly the heat release rates and total heat release, and UL-94 V-0 rating is achieved when suitable amount of RPM substitutes for EG in the PP/TPU/EG/RPM composites. The T onset and T 10 wt% of the composites are improved because of the presence of RPM. The FTIR spectra show that the incorporation of RPM improves the thermo-oxidative stability of PP/TPU at higher temperatures. The morphological observations indicate the reinforcement of thermal stability, and flame-retardant performance is attributed to the compact and stable char layers promoted by RPM with EG acted as an effective heat barrier and thermal insulation.

show abstract

Synergistic effect of allophane with intumescent flame retardants on thermal behavior and fire retardancy of polypropylene

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Flame Retardancy of Biobased Composites—Research Development

Flame Retardancy of Biobased Composites—Research Development

Synergistic effect of intumescent flame retardant and zinc borate on linear low‐density polyethylene

Synergistic effects of red phosphorus masterbatch with expandable graphite on the flammability and thermal stability of polypropylene/thermoplastic polyurethane blends

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About