Synergistic Effect of Elevated Temperature and Light Stresses on Physiology of Pocillopora acuta from Different Environments

Abstract

Increasing levels of greenhouse gases lead to ocean warming, which affects a range of marine organisms. Corals live in a narrow temperature range and become stressed when the temperatures change. Bleaching occurs when the temperature exceeds the coral’s threshold, and can be severe when this is combined with other stressors such as light. In order to understand how temperature and light affect corals in their physiological responses and photosynthetic performance, Pocillopora acuta from Maiton Island (MT) and Panwa Cape (PW), representing different environments, were investigated. The results show that light and temperature had by regime different effects on Symbiodiniaceae photosynthesis and the coral growth rate. There was a synergistic effect of elevated temperature and light on photosynthesis, as observed in the photochemical efficiency and pigment contents, suggesting photo-damage. A higher growth rate in Panwa corals was observed in control, and while elevated temperature reduced coral growth. Elevated temperature affected the Panwa coral less, suggesting that corals from this regime might be able to recover when the temperature returns to normal. This information is important for predicting the coral responses to elevated temperature especially in the summer, as regards the possibility of coral bleaching.

Unique photosynthetic strategies employed by closely related Breviolum minutum strains under rapid short-term cumulative heat stress

“…Higher levels of state transitions and E k in SCF-127 ( Supplementary Table S2 ) hint at the possibility of high light tolerance in this strain. Exposure to elevated temperature and high light can synergistically impact Symbiodiniaceae in hospite ( Coles and Jokiel, 1978 ; Sinutok et al , 2022 ; Travesso et al , 2023 ) and ex hospite ( Díaz-Almeyda et al , 2017 ). Therefore, the cumulative impact of these stress conditions on the photophysiology of Symbiodiniaceae needs to be investigated, especially for heat-tolerant strains ( Buerger et al , 2020 ).…”