Synergistic effect of industrial- and bio-fillers waterborne intumescent hybrid coatings on flame retardancy, physical and mechanical properties

Nasir, K.M.; Sulong, N.H. Ramli; Johan, Mohd Rafie; Afifi, Amalina M.

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105905

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It can be seen that the addition of CSBF contributed to the formation of a more continuous and dense char layer structure during combustion, which was conducive to blocking mass and heat transfer, as well as the escape of pyrolysis volatiles, thus effectively inhibiting the exposure of internal materials to fire. By combining EDS maps, it was found that the addition of CSBF was favorable to producing more phosphorus-rich and calcium-rich cross-linking structures, which was helpful to improve the strength and integrity of the char layer [ 9 , 12 , 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, a large number of studies have been reported on the application of fillers as synergists in traditional intumescent fire-retardant systems. As an environmentally friendly material, bio-fillers can significantly enhance the material properties [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Yew et al used eggshell waste as a new environmentally friendly bio-filler to prepare intumescent fire-retardant coatings, forming a more stable and dense structure of char layer and enhancing the fire retardancy, water resistibility, and adhesion of the coatings [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Study of Fire Resistance and Anti-Ageing Properties of Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coatings Reinforced with Conch Shell Bio-Filler

et al. 2021

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Conch shell bio-filler (CSBF) was prepared by washing, ultrasonicating, and pulverizing of conch shells and then was applied in waterborne intumescent fire-retardant coatings. The influence of CSBF on fire resistance and anti-ageing properties of intumescent fire-retardant coatings were studied by using different analytical methods. The fire protection and smoke density tests showed that when the mass fraction of CSBF was 3%, the resulting FRC3 coating had the optimum synergistic flame-retardant and smoke-suppression effects concomitant with a flame-spread rating of 10.7, equilibrium backside temperature of 152.4 °C at 900 s, and smoke-density rating value of 10.4%, which were attributed to the establishment of a more dense and stable intumescent char layer against heat and mass transfer. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the presence of CSBF increased the thermal stability and char-forming performance of the coatings, and the char residue of FRC3 rose to 34.6% at 800 °C from 28.6% of FRC0 without CSBF. The accelerated ageing test suggested that the incorporation of CSBF reduced the migration and decomposition of the flame retardants and the yellowing, blistering, and powdering phenomenon, thus improving the structural stability of the coating, resulting in better durability of flame retardancy and smoke-suppression performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Fire Resistance and Anti-Ageing Properties of Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coatings Reinforced with Conch Shell Bio-Filler

et al. 2021

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“…An appropriate amount of Mg(OH) 2 and CaCO 3 help to improve the adhesion strength of the IC [49]. A stronger bonding between the metal surface and Mg/Ca interface allowed for a better stress transfer [53]. Magnesium and calcium composition that existed in 3.5 wt.% BioAsh were highly relevant to the best interfacial bonding in BAIC 3-5.…”

Section: Pull-off Adhesion Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional IC reported an average equilibrium temperature of 160-190 • C (epoxy-based) and 220-290 • C (water-based) when the steel substrate was exposed to 1000 • C heat in the fire test [37,48,52,53]. Advanced studies have been conducted to explore the potential of various aviculture waste (eggshell), agriculture waste (rice husk ash), aquaculture waste (clam shell) and crop-based biomass (ginger powder and coffee husk) to produce eco-compatible IC formulations with enhanced fire-resistant performance [48,[51][52][53]. These studies of using natural-based fillers in the IC reported various improvements in the fire-resistant properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies of using natural-based fillers in the IC reported various improvements in the fire-resistant properties. Equilibrium temperature of water-based IC using eggshell (160-260 • C), rice husk ash (180-220 • C), clam shell (136 • C) was reported [43,52,53]. Epoxy resin IC formulated with crop-based carbon source can block the transfer of fire heat to steel and maintain the steel temperature at 130 to 150 • C [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Coating Using Novel BioAsh for Steel

et al. 2020

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Recent developments of intumescent fire-protective coatings used in steel buildings are important to ensure the structural integrity and safe evacuation of occupants during fire accidents. Flame-retardant intumescent coating applied to structural steel could delay the spread of fire and heat propagation across spaces and structures in minimizing fire risks. This research focuses on formulating a green intumescent coating utilized the BioAsh, a by-product derived from natural rubberwood (hardwood) biomass combustion as the natural substitute of mineral fillers in the intumescent coating. Fire resistance, chemical, physical and mechanical properties of all samples were examined via Bunsen burner, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), carbolite furnace, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), freeze–thaw cycle, static immersion and Instron pull-off adhesion test. Sample BioAsh intumescent coating (BAIC) 4-7 incorporated with 3.5 wt.% BioAsh exhibited the best performances in terms of fire resistance (112.5 °C for an hour under the Bunsen burner test), thermal stability (residual weight of 29.48 wt.% at 1000 °C in TGA test), adhesion strength (1.73 MPa under Instron pull-off adhesion test), water resistance (water absorption rate of 8.72%) and freeze–thaw durability (no crack, blister and color change) as compared to other samples. These results reveal that an appropriate amount of renewable BioAsh incorporated as natural mineral fillers into the intumescent coating could lead to better fire resistance and mechanical properties for the steel structures.

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Effects of biomaterial on the properties of waterborne intumescent fireproof coatings

Zhan,

Mo,

Feng

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Silk fibroin was used to enhance the properties of the fireproof coating, ensuring the safe evacuation of occupants in a fire accident. The effects of biomaterial on the properties of the coatings were investigated by fire protection test, thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index, vertical flame test, water resistance test, and mechanical properties test. The carbon layers were characterized after the fire protection test by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze the microstructure and chemical composition. The results show that the coating with 6% SF demonstrated the best fire protection, thermal stability, and water resistance. The temperature on the backside is only 255.9°C, and the residual weight is 37.52%. However, the coating with 4% SF exhibits good mechanical properties.

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Synergistic effect of industrial- and bio-fillers waterborne intumescent hybrid coatings on flame retardancy, physical and mechanical properties

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Comparative Study of Fire Resistance and Anti-Ageing Properties of Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coatings Reinforced with Conch Shell Bio-Filler

Comparative Study of Fire Resistance and Anti-Ageing Properties of Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coatings Reinforced with Conch Shell Bio-Filler

Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Coating Using Novel BioAsh for Steel

Effects of biomaterial on the properties of waterborne intumescent fireproof coatings

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