Synergistic Effect of lontophoresis and a Series of Fatty Acids on LHRH Permeability through Porcine Skin

Bhatia, Kuljit S.; Singh, Jagdish

doi:10.1021/js970301f

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Fatty acids are known to enter the hydrophobic tails of the stratum corneum lipid bilayer, disturbing their packing, increasing their fluidity, and subsequently, decreasing the diffusional resistance to permeates (Golden et al 1987). The effect of varying carbon-chain lengths, degrees and types of unsaturation (position, number), the branching schema, and substituents has been reported to influence the ability of fatty acids to act as skin penetration enhancers (Elyan et al 1996;Bhatia and Singh 1998;Takeuchi et al 1998;Taguchi et al 1999). In this study, the effects of 12 fatty acids on the transdermal delivery of diclofenac in vitro have been systematically investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Skin Permeation Enhancement of Diclofenac by Fatty Acids

et al. 2008

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Permeation Enhancement of Diclofenac by Fatty Acids

et al. 2008

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“…Fatty acids can differ in several features: chain length, characteristics of the double bonds (position, number, and configuration), branching schema, and substituents. These structural variations can influence their effects as skin penetration enhancers (Elyan, Sidhom, & Plakogiannis, 1996;Bhatia & Singh, 1998;Takeuchi et al, 1998;Taguchi et al, 1999). Fatty acids are capable of inserting between the hydrophobic tails of the stratum corneum lipid bilayer, thus disturbing their packing, increasing their fluidity, and, subsequently, decreasing the diffusional resistance to permeants (Golden, Mckie, & Potts, 1987).…”

Section: Effect Of Enhancers On the Permeation Of Glimepiride Across mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced transdermal controlled delivery of glimepiride from the ethylene-vinyl acetate matrix

2009

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“…These structural variations can strongly influence their effects as skin penetration enhancers. [16][17][18] In our previous work, SLN based on Precirol ® ATO (PCR) was developed as carrier for econazole nitrate (ECN) and the behaviors of drug release in vitro and in vivo were studied. 19) In this context, we considered of interest to investigate the formulation of various fatty acid esters into nanoparticulate systems and evaluate the influence of the chain length on the permeation enhancement ability.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Evaluation of Different Fatty Acid Esters Formulated into Precirol ATO-Based Lipid Nanoparticles as Vehicles for Topical Delivery

Sanna¹,

Mariani

Caria

et al. 2009

Chem. Pharm. Bull.

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Recent progress in nanoparticulate systems have allowed the development of lipid based carriers improving the drug low skin penetration and inducing targeting to specific skin strata. [1][2][3] In particular, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have been proposed as attractive vehicles for controlled release of cosmetic and pharmaceutical substances. 4,5) Both carrier types are submicron size particles (50-1000 nm) and can be distinguished by their inner structure. SLN consist of solid lipids while NLC are formed by a solid matrix entrapping liquid lipid (oil) nanocompartments.6) These carriers have high affinity toward the stratum corneum (SC) and improve the bioavailability of the encapsulated material to the skin.7) It is thought that their enhanced skin penetration is primarily due to an increase in skin hydration caused by the occlusive film formed on the skin surface. 8)The solid lipids most frequently used for the lipid system formulations include triglycerides, partial glycerides, fatty acids and waxes, 9) while the liquid lipids are essentially constituted by oleic acid, 10) and medium chain triglycerides such as caprylic/capric triglycerides. 11)The use of fatty acids, fatty acid esters and related alcohols as enhancers for drug permeation is of great interest for both topical and transdermal drug delivery.12,13) Moreover, medium to long chain esters are widely used as ingredients of cosmetics and topical preparations, as they are safer than short chain ones and present the advantage of being one of the endogenous component of human skin lipids.14) These enhancers decrease the diffusional resistance to permeants by the perturbation of SC lipid bilayers and the creation of "pores" as penetration enhancing effects. 15)Fatty acid esters differ in several features such as chain length, the presence or absence and the position of possible double bonds, branching schema and substituents. These structural variations can strongly influence their effects as skin penetration enhancers. [16][17][18] In our previous work, SLN based on Precirol ® ATO (PCR) was developed as carrier for econazole nitrate (ECN) and the behaviors of drug release in vitro and in vivo were studied. 19) In this context, we considered of interest to investigate the formulation of various fatty acid esters into nanoparticulate systems and evaluate the influence of the chain length on the permeation enhancement ability.In general, medium to long chain fatty acids are obtained from many animal and plant sources or by chemical methods, while their isopropyl esters are synthetically prepared, and only a few of them are commercially available. Therefore, we first planned a general and convenient synthetic method in order to prepare a set of isopropyl fatty esters having different chain length (C 13 -C 23 , I-VI, Chart 1) by using the corresponding easily available and cheaper fatty acids and isopropyl alcohol as starting materials that were allowed to react in mild conditions. The obtained fatty esters were th...

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Synergistic Effect of lontophoresis and a Series of Fatty Acids on LHRH Permeability through Porcine Skin

Cited by 35 publications

References 51 publications

Skin Permeation Enhancement of Diclofenac by Fatty Acids

Skin Permeation Enhancement of Diclofenac by Fatty Acids

Enhanced transdermal controlled delivery of glimepiride from the ethylene-vinyl acetate matrix

Synthesis and Evaluation of Different Fatty Acid Esters Formulated into Precirol ATO-Based Lipid Nanoparticles as Vehicles for Topical Delivery

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