Synergistic effect of multi-electron conversion and anion redox media chemistry for high-performance rechargeable aqueous Zn ion batteries

Abstract

A conversion-type BiOI cathode coupled with ZnI2 additive as a redox medium is proposed to electrochemically store charge.

Recent developments in bismuth oxyhalide-based functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications

“…Due to their large surface area, flower-like BiOX nanomaterials have larger optical receiving areas. These nanomaterials have broad application prospects in the fields of photocatalysis, 17,[67][68][69] electrochemical applications, 26,70 and sensors. 36 The BiOCl microflowers containing many Bi vacancies are assembled by nanosheets, which expose more active facets.…”

Regulating the Intermediate Process of Zinc–Bismuth Batteries by Iodide Ions

“…Theoretical calculations were further utilized to illustrate the effect of iodine on the Bi 2 O 3 cathode. In Figure c, when ZnI 2 instead of ZnSO 4 is adsorbed on the surface, the Bi element in the electrode material captures electrons, reducing the covalent bond energy of the Bi–O bond and decreasing the overall activation energy of the reaction . In addition, the reduction process of Bi 2 O 3 can proceed through the protonation of a surface O atom, a H 2 O molecule, and the desorption of H 2 O generated on the surface, as described in Figure d .…”

“…Additionally, the Bi 4f XPS data indicate the evolution of the Bi valence state during the charge and discharge process. After fully charging, the intensity of the peaks attributed to Bi(III) (163.9 and 158.6 eV), are reinforced, 47 In brief, the schematic diagram of the overall reaction process is shown in Figures 3d & S28.…”

“…In Figure 4c, when ZnI 2 instead of ZnSO 4 is adsorbed on the surface, the Bi element in the electrode material captures electrons, reducing the covalent bond energy of the Bi−O bond and decreasing the overall activation energy of the reaction. 47 In addition, the reduction process of Bi 2 O 3 can proceed through the protonation of a surface O atom, a H 2 O molecule, and the desorption of H 2 O generated on the surface, as described in Figure 4d. 48 In Figure 4e, the formation of H 2 O on the surface absorbed by iodine is strongly exothermic with a 2.44 eV energy release, which is much higher than the bare surface.…”

Unlocking the Potential of Vanadium Oxide for Ultrafast and Stable Zn2+ Storage Through Optimized Stress Distribution: From Engineering Simulation to Elaborate Structure Design

“…[10] Vanadium oxides with layered or tunnellike structures such as V 2 O 5 and VO 2 (B) are considered to improve the Zn 2+ reaction kinetics. [13] Although vanadium oxides are considered to provide excellent Zn 2+ storage capacity, [14,15] unacceptable structural stress could be introduced under long-term cycling and high current density, which could lead to gradual damage of the initial electrode structures. [16,17] As a common strategy to optimize the Zn 2+ storage for vanadium oxides, various cations are introduced into the layered structure to exert "pillar effects" and weaken the electrostatic interaction between Zn 2+ and the host structure, [18,19] thereby inhibiting the structural changes during the charge/discharge processes.…”