Synergistic effects of aluminium hypophosphite on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation behaviours of a novel intumescent flame retardant thermoplastic vulcanisate composite

Fan, Mingshuai; Feng, Na; Zhang, Yongjie; Wang, Zhichao; Qu, Minjie; Zhang, Guixia

doi:10.1080/14658011.2019.1606580

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…27 AHP is usually combined with other flame retardants to obtain better flame retardant performance. [28][29][30][31] Zhou et al 32 added AHP and phosphate tailings (PT) into TPU to enhance fire performance of TPU composites. The results confirmed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release rate (THRR) and peak smoke production rate (P-SPR) of TPU/AHP22.5/PT2.5 were 91.2%, 69.9%, and 50.9% decreased compared with those of pure TPU, indicating excellent fire retarding performance of AHP/PT synergistic system.…”

Section: Thermal Decomposition Products Of Ahp Can Promotementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic polyurethane composites based on aluminum hypophosphite/modified iron tailings system with outstanding fire performance

Liu

Sun

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Iron tailings (IT) is the remaining industrial solid waste after beneficiation. The accumulation of billion tons of tailings not only occupies valuable land resources but also causes serious environmental pollution and human harm. This work aims to explore the potential application of IT in flame retardant field. The modified iron tailings (MIT) were combined with aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) to prepare a series of TPU/AHP/MIT composites by melt blending method. Thermogravimetric (TGA) test indicated that MIT and AHP significantly improved the thermal stability of the composites. The char residue of TPU/AHP22.5/MIT2.5 was enhanced to 29.60 wt% compared with 27.51 wt% of TPU/AHP25. Cone calorimetry test (CCT) confirmed that PHRR and THR of TPU/AHP15/MIT10 were decreased by 88.4% and 55.2% compared with those of pure TPU. Adding 2.5 wt% MIT could reduce the gas production of the TPU/AHP system by 32.82%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy tests confirmed that AHP/MIT system could increase the thickness and graphitization degree of char residue for the TPU composites, and thus increase the thermal stability and fire resistance of the composites. Lastly, the possible fire retarding mechanism of TPU/AHP/MIT composites was illustrated. This work provided a novel strategy for utilization of IT.

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Section: Thermal Decomposition Products Of Ahp Can Promotementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic polyurethane composites based on aluminum hypophosphite/modified iron tailings system with outstanding fire performance

Liu

Sun

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…6, according to Doyle's proposal (Doyle 1961), the thermal degradation curve images of uncoated and coated cotton materials in nitrogen and air are divided into three different areas for the purpose of calculating integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT). IPDT is related to the volatile chemical composition of material and can be applied to identify the overall inherent thermal stability of sample at high temperature (Fan et al 2019;Park and Kim 2001), and its value is computed using the following formula:…”

Section: Tg Analysis Of Uncoated and Coated Cotton Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the condensed phase, the phosphorus element in coating sample decomposes into small molecular compounds containing P-OH groups at a lower temperature (Zhang et al 2020). As the temperature rises, the phosphorus-containing components of these small molecules further decompose to produce polyphosphoric acid compounds (Fan et al 2019). Finally, the phosphorus-containing components and cotton cellulose promote the formation of char layer through esterification, crosslinking and other chemical reactions at high temperatures.…”

Section: Flame-retardant Mechanism Research Of Coated Cotton Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel P/N-based flame retardant synthesized by one-step method toward cotton materials and its flame-retardant mechanism

Sun

Xie

et al. 2021

Cellulose

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A novel flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitrogen elements, ammonium salt of N,Ndimethylene p-benzenesulfonic phosphonic acid (ADBSPA), was prepared by one-step continuous chemical method. The chemical structure of the ADBSPA was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and ADBSPA was processed onto cotton materials by immersion method. The flame retardancy of coated cotton materials was analyzed by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and Vertical burning test. The LOI value of cotton coated with 350 g/L ADBSPA increased from the original 18.2 ± 0.2% to 31.7 ± 0.2%, and the damaged length of this sample reduced to 6.6 ± 0.1 cm, which proved that ADBSPA enhanced the anti-burning ability of cotton materials. Cone calorimetry was used to evaluate the combustion behavior of cotton materials before and after coating. Compared with original sample, ADBSPA changed the combustion path of cotton materials, and the intuitive performance was that the ADBSPA-cotton-4 reserved 25.1 ± 0.5% of char residue at 250 s, and its peak heat release rate (PHRR) greatly reduced to 17 ± 1 kW/m 2 . The surface morphology of uncoated and coated cotton materials was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the coated sample still maintained a complete fiber skeleton after burning. In addition, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis confirmed that the coated cotton materials had good thermo-oxidative and thermal stability. All results pointed out that the phosphorus and nitrogen elements contained in ADBSPA as well as cotton cellulose constituted the three basic conditions of intumescent flame-retardant system. The polyphosphoric acid compounds formed by phosphorus element at high temperature promoted the dehydration of cotton fibers into char layer. The non-flammable gases produced by the nitrogen element in the combustion process covered the surface of fabrics, thereby playing the role of shielding heat and diluting combustible gases.

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“…Besides, much more efforts have been devoted to experimenting with many novel functional additives for combustion suppression as well, such as nano‐boehmite, 21 surface modified montmorillonite, 22,23 graphene oxide, 24,25 attapulgite, 26 and steel slag waste 27,28 . By contrast, as a new type of flame retardant with high phosphorus content, aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) has been given more preference and proved well to be a quite excellent flame retardant, 29–33 especially synergistically compounding with the nitrogen‐based melamine cyanurate (MC), which could significantly improve the flame retardance for various polymer‐based composites, according to many published related papers. For instance, Zhao et al 34 reported that the fire performance of polypropylene (PP)/wood flour (WF) composite could be significantly enhanced based on the 20 wt% addition of AHP/MC with the mass ratio about 5:1, and the UL‐94 achieved V‐0 rating and LOI value increased to 29.5% dramatically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on thermal properties and flame retardancy of glass‐fiber reinforced poly(butylene succinate) composites filled with aluminum hypophosphite and melamine cyanurate

Tan

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Herein, this paper perhaps reports for the first time that a series of glass fiber reinforced poly(butylene succinate) composites (GRPBS) using the flameretardant system composed of aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) and melamine cyanurate (MC) are fabricated by melt blending method. When the composite is loaded of 20 wt% AHP/MC with mass ratio about 2:1, it achieves UL-94 V-0 rating with the value of limited oxygen index (LOI) significantly increasing to 30%. Meanwhile, the thermo-gravimetric analysis also well proves that the composite can produce more char residues because of the addition of AHP, however, its thermal stability would slightly decreases. In addition, the results obtained from micro-scale combustion calorimetry testing reveal that total heat release and peak of heat release rate for GRPBS composites combined with AHP and MC both significantly reduce, and the similar results are easily found in cone calorimeter testing. Additionally, the residues after LOI testing are further investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy, which definitely confirm the formation of the compact char layer with crater-like structure. Mechanism analysis indicates the significant enhancement of flame-retardant efficiency principally benefits from the cooperative work dominated by AHP and MC.

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Synergistic effects of aluminium hypophosphite on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation behaviours of a novel intumescent flame retardant thermoplastic vulcanisate composite

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Thermoplastic polyurethane composites based on aluminum hypophosphite/modified iron tailings system with outstanding fire performance

Thermoplastic polyurethane composites based on aluminum hypophosphite/modified iron tailings system with outstanding fire performance

A novel P/N-based flame retardant synthesized by one-step method toward cotton materials and its flame-retardant mechanism

Investigation on thermal properties and flame retardancy of glass‐fiber reinforced poly(butylene succinate) composites filled with aluminum hypophosphite and melamine cyanurate

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