“…For PANI-OH-3-B, the XPS C 1s spectrum ( Figure 2 c) was curve-fitted to four peaks with binding energies of 284.25 eV, 284.8 eV, 285.45 eV, and 286.4 eV, which were attributed to C-H, C-C, C-N, and C-O [ 24 , 25 , 26 ], respectively; moreover, the C 1s regions of PANI-OH-3 and PANI-OH-3-B were without obvious changes. Concerning the O 1s regions of PANI-OH-3 and PANI-OH-3-B, for PANI-OH-3, the dominant peak is located at 532.8 eV, which was attributed to the C-O that originated from C-OH ( Figure 2 d), while the two peaks with binding energies of 532.5 eV and 533.1 eV were assigned to C-O and B-O [ 27 , 28 ] as a result of the presence of C-OH and C-O-B ( Figure 2 e). The binding energies between 399.29 eV and 399.7 eV consisted of the N1s peak ( Figure 2 f), which was ascribed to -N = and -NH- [ 24 , 26 ], respectively.…”