Synergistic Impaired Effect between Smoking and Manganese Dust Exposure on Pulmonary Ventilation Function in Guangxi Manganese-Exposed Workers Healthy Cohort (GXMEWHC)

Abstract

PurposeThe aims of this study were to investigate the effects of manganese (Mn) dust exposure on lung functions and evaluate the potential synergistic effect between smoking and Mn dust exposure among refinery workers.MethodsA retrospective study including 1658 workers in a ferromanganese refinery was conducted, with subjects who were from the Guangxi manganese-exposed workers healthy cohort (GXMEWHC). Based on the Mn manganese cumulative exposure index (Mn-CEI), all subjects were divided into the low exposure group (n = 682) and the high exposure group (n = 976). A pulmonary function test was performed using an electronic spirometer, including the values and percentages of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MMEF, PEFR, MVV, respectively.ResultsNo significant effect of Mn dust exposure on the pulmonary function was found in the female workers (all p>0.05). However, there was an obvious decrease in the male workers in the high exposure group compared with those in the low exposure group (FVC -60 ml, FEV1 -120 ml, MMEF -260 ml/s, MVV -5.06 L, all p<0.05). In the high exposure group, the reduction in FVC% predicted, MMEF and MMEF% predicted was 1.0%, 210 mL/s, and 4.9%, respectively. In particular, among the exposed subjects smokers had a statistically significant decrease in lung function compared with non-smokers and the reduction in FVC% predicted, MMEF and MMEF% predicted was 1.0%, 210 mL/s, and 4.9%, respectively (p<0.05). Partial correlation analysis showed that there was also negative correlation between Mn-CEI and decreased changes in MMEF (r = -0.159, p = 0.018) and also MMEF% predicted (r = -0.163, p = 0.015).ConclusionsMn dust can impair the pulmonary ventilation function of male workers but not females, and individual smoking habits and manganese exposure had a synergistic effect on the lung function decrease.

Blue-collar work and women's health: A systematic review of the evidence from 1990 to 2015

“… A random sample of White Pages listings in the sate of Victoria in Australia. High-Income ( Radi et al, 2007 ) Longitudinal Young adult socioeconomic position (education and occupational class); family socioeconomic position; family structure; family connectedness; smoker in home; easy access to cigarettes; high school; CES-D; number of friends who smoke; smoked during adolescence Heavy and Light-to-Moderate Smoking Blue-collar women vs. other women As compared to women with further education, the odds were increased among blue-collar women for light-to-moderate smoking (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.28–2.78), heavy smoking (OR = 3.12, 95% CI 2.10–4.63). As compared to women with further education, there was no difference in odds of overweight among blue-collar women (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.49–2.21) and the odds of overweight were decreased (OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.29–1.85).…”

“…Notably, results from three studies that compared frequency of smoking in male and female construction workers are inconsistent even though based on the MassBUILT study population ( Cocco et al, 1999 , Cohidon et al, 2009 , Colt et al, 2011 , Cobankara et al, 2011 ). However, studies consistently find that blue-collar women smoked more frequently as compared with white-collar women, managers and professionals, and women with further education ( Cunradi et al, 2007 , Honjo et al, 2010 , Howard et al, 2017 , House, 1980 , Hocschild and Machung, 2012 ), with job strain, passive work, and physical demand identified as risk factors for smoking in a cross-sectional study from Australia ( Radi, Ostry, & LaMontagne, 2007 ). Findings on alcohol and other substance use are limited and inconsistent ( Wang et al, 2007 , Westgaard and Jansen, 1992 , House, 1980 , U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2018 ).…”

Cancer risk of petrochemical workers exposed to airborne PAHs in industrial Lanzhou City, China

“…Here, we defined those individuals with smoking history over 3 months as smokers. Those who drink at least three times a week with a drinking history over 1 year were defined as drinkers (Shi et al 2013;Wang et al 2015).…”

Occupational exposure to manganese and risk of creatine kinase and creatine kinase‐MB elevation among ferromanganese refinery workers

“…Elevated Mn exposure is linked to adverse health outcomes. In recent years, epidemiological evidence has emerged indicating that Mn toxicity involves the central nervous system, the respiratory system, and liver function, and is, therefore, a relevant occupational health concern 3‐8 …”

“…In recent years, epidemiological evidence has emerged indicating that Mn toxicity involves the central nervous system, the respiratory system, and liver function, and is, therefore, a relevant occupational health concern. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Despite demonstrated neurological deficits caused by elevated exposure to Mn, limited research is available on Mninduced cardiovascular dysfunction. A series of earlier experiments on animal models, including rat, cat, pig, rabbit, and dog, indicated that Mn salts can affect cardiovascular function primarily by affecting myocardial contraction, resulting in a fall in blood pressure.…”