Synergy of a heteroatom (P–F) in nanostructured Sn₃O₄ as an anode for sodium-ion batteries

Abstract

Na-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted attention due to its economics and eco-friendly nature compared to lithium-ion batteries. Tin-based compounds are focused for SIBs owing to high theoretical capacities, though it...

Flat-Band Potential Determination and Catalytical Properties of Sn3O4/SnO2 Heterostructures in the Photo-Electrooxidation of Small Organic Molecules under Ultraviolet (370 nm) and Blue (450 nm) Light

“…In the oxygen region, decomposition produces bands at 530.7, 532.2 and 535.5 eV associated with lattice oxygen [53][54][55], surface OH groups and/or chemisorbed oxygen [56,57] and with adsorbed water, respectively. The Sn3d 5/2 bands of other samples consist of two components at 486.6-486.9 eV and 485.9-486.1 eV, corresponding to Sn 4+ and Sn 2+ ions, respectively [25,26]. The O1s band decomposes into two components at 530.2 eV (O1) and at 531.5 eV (O2).…”

“…Sn 3 O 4 and composites based on it are promising materials that arouse increased interest in various photo-stimulated and electrochemical processes, including hydrogen production [10][11][12][13][14], water decomposition [15], oxidation of dyes and organic compounds [16][17][18][19][20][21], sensors [22][23][24], lithium and sodium ion batteries [25][26][27][28], supercapacitors [29], solar cells [30], CO 2 reduction [31,32], visible light photodetectors [33], etc. The morphology of Sn 3 O 4 represents a layered structure in which two layers of SnO alternate with a layer of SnO 2 [34].…”